Study on Undertaking-starting of New Generation M igrantW orkers

Chuang LU，W anzhao LIU

1.Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shenyang110161，China；2.The School of Business Administration，University of Science and Technology Liaoning，Anshan 114051，China

1 Introduction

After the reform and opening-up，there comes the tide of farmers going to cities for working.In Opinions on Exerting Greater Efforts in the Overall Planning of Urban and Rural Development and Further Solidifying the Foundation for Agricultural and Rural Development issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council，the concept of new generation migrant workers was firstly introduced，namely，migrant workers born after the1980s.Emergence of new generation migrant works is the resultof constant deepening of China's urbanization process，also an important mark of urban migrant workers entering the stage of generation change.

The survey data of All China Federation of Trade Unions in 2011 indicate that migrant workers of China have reached 150million，and new generation migrant workers take up 60%of the total migrant workers［1］.In new generation migrant workers，near61%basically have never engaged in any professional agricultural production activities，and as many as 70%new generation migrant workers have no experience of doing farm work［2］.Most new generation migrant workers directly go to cities after graduation.They are higher than the last generation migrant workers in educational level，job expectation，material and spiritual enjoyment，and they aremore eager to integrate into urban life and seek recognition of urban society.However，it is difficult for urban areas to absorb so many rural labors.What'smore，after enrollment expansion of colleges and universities，graduates and urban laid-off workers compete for jobs with new generation migrant workers.This leads to difficult employment and low income of new generation migrant workers.Too high job expectation and informal job market form huge gap，making new generation migrant workers no longer unwilling to sell their labor to earn low income，then many new generation migrant workers prefer to start an undertaking.The Survey Report on Living Conditions of New Generation Migrant Workers in Shenzhen indicates that new generation migrant workers have strong willingness of starting an undertaking，and 38.2%new generation migrant workers hope to become a boss in the future year，higher than the figure of last generation migrant workers（27.5%）.

Undertaking-starting is high risk activity.New generation migrant workers are weak in grasping market laws and recognizing undertaking-starting opportunities due to shortage of knowledge and market information.In addition to relative shortage of undertaking-starting experience and fund，it is easier for them to make wrong decisions.These will pose serious challenge to new generation migrant workers in undertaking-starting activities.On the basis of this，we analyzed certainty of new generation migrant workers starting an undertaking，problems of new generation migrant workers in starting an undertaking，and relevant government should take what measures to support new generation migrant workers，to promote healthy development of undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers.

2 Certainty of new generation migrant workers starting an undertaking

Compared with the first generation migrant workers（born in 1960-1969）and the second generation migrant workers（1970-1979），the new generation migrant workers have distinct characteristics.They are unwilling to do simple manual labors like their parents anymore，and they have strong willingness of starting an undertaking.Their characteristics determine the certainty of their undertaking-starting.

2.1 Improvement of education provides intellectual guarantee for undertaking-startingWith the popularization of nineyear compulsory education in China，education level of new generation migrant workers and has great improvement compared with the first and second generation migrant workers.The Survey Report of China's Migrant Workers indicates that the education level of the first generation migrant workers is mainly primary school，while the education level of new generation migrant workers is mainly middle school，higher than that of the second generation migrant workers.The study results of Yang Xin show that 36.9%new generation migrant workers have received vocational training，while the figure of the last generation migrant workers is 24.2%［5］.The improvement of education of new generation migrant workers is favorable for their acceptance of new things，favorable for their learning things through news，network and books，and favorable for their undertaking-starting.

2.2 Attaching importance to material and spiritual pursuit is motive force of new generation migrant workers starting an undertakingIn material and spiritual enjoyment，new generation migrant workers have higher pursuit than the last generation migrant workers.The first and second generation migrant workers are very industrious and frugal，and their work is to support their families.With improvement of living conditions，new generation migrantworkers show certain self feelings and consumption ideas，and they care more about material and spiritual enjoyment and pursuit.Yan Chijun studied consumption idea of new generation migrant workers，and the study results indicate that 6.31%new generation migrant workers select buying fashion clothes，6.31%new generation migrant workers select high quality brand clothes，and 2.61%ones are going to art museums and history museums［4］.These figures are far higher than that of the first and second generation migrant workers.Study of Wei Chen indicates that 56%new generation migrant workers like unrealistic comparison consumption，44%ones have the experience of buying highpriced products through borrowing money，while the figure is17%and 7.8%respectively［3］.The pursuit for material will inevitably promote new generation migrant workers to have high income and promote strong undertaking-starting willingness.

2.3 Strong sustainable development awareness is basic quality of undertaking-startingNew generation migrant workers are not satisfied with simple and low level working status，and they have higher aspiration and pursuit in their deep feelings.Xie Huaide contended that mos tnew generation migrant worker shave higher cultural and spiritual demands，and they are eager to learn skills.Zhang Baoqing found through empirical study that 37%new generation migrant workers hope to start an undertaking，and most new generation migrant workers have expectation for hot jobs and have high confidence，and they are also willing to work hard for realizing their expectation.New generation migrant workers are long for bright future.They bear hardships and stand hard work，and have basic quality of undertaking-starting.

Thus，new generation migrant workers are groups between farmers and citizens，they do not like rural living habits and prefer to urban life.Compared with last generation migrant workers，new generation migrant workers have greater awareness of starting an undertaking.In this situation，the state should formulate proper preferential policies and create favorable undertaking-starting environment，to encourage some new generation migrant workers to grow rapidly and start an undertaking.

3 Problems of new generation migrant workers in starting an undertaking

New generation migrant workers stay at low level of society in information，fund，channel，and technology.Undertaking-starting is an activity with high risks，so the new generation migrant workers will facemany difficulties in the course of starting an undertaking.

3.1 Insufficient training of undertaking-startingTraining of undertaking-starting is a necessary condition for starting an undertaking，and also the basis for migrant workers turning commercial opportunity into reality.Through undertaking-starting education and training，it is able to help migrant workers grasp related knowledge and skills，and actively learn changes of market.This is really necessary for selection of undertaking-starting direction and grasping of developing path of future enterprises.At present，due to limitation of their cultural quality and lack of undertaking starting knowledge and skills，most new generation migrant workers are still blind in selection of undertaking-starting.This is reflected in serious problem of similar products，old sales means，and not good at management.As a result，their new enterprises lack competitive power.

3.2 Lack of financial supportRelevant statistical data indicate that more than 80%new generation migrant workers take the fund as primary difficulty.Less than 13%new generation migrant workers have received support loan for starting an undertaking，and the loan amount is very limited.One of the key conditions for starting an undertaking is sufficient fund.Although some new generation migrant workers have certain deposit after years of work，this is not enough for establishing certain scale of enterprises.In the process of starting an undertaking，if no sufficient loan is granted，it will greatly dampen enthusiasm of new generation migrant workers.What's more，if financial institutions and government provide no financial support，the undertaking-starting of most new generation migrant workers will not go forward.

3.3 Insufficient government supportThe undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers can not do without government support.Many local government and relevant departments fail to attach due importance to undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers.It lacks active guidance and preferential policies.Besides，land problem of enterprises is an essential factor restricting undertaking-starting development of new generation migrant workers.Most buildings for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers are hired temporarily，and some new generation migrant workers use their house as factory buildings.This may solve the problem of factory buildings temporarily，but it is always an unstable factor for enterprise development.

4 Support mechanism for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers

4.1 Improving training system for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workersLocal relevant government departments should provide training about innovative ideas，business management，improving competitiveness of undertaking-starting project，and undertaking-starting skills of new generation migrantworkers.In view of limited government resources，local government should set up platform and cooperate with enterprises，colleges and universities，trade organizations，and training institutions to provide undertaking-training for new generation migrant workers.Areas with higher economic development level may set up service center for undertaking-starting of migrant workers，establish stable multiple-entity cooperative training mechanism，and practically carry out undertaking-starting training.Local government should take full advantage of national training projects such as＂Rural Labor Employment Transfer Training Program＂and＂Sunshine Project＂，to make effort to raise undertaking-starting skills and operating and management ability of new generation migrant workers，and strengthen their autonomous undertaking-starting ability.

4.2 Setting up fund for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workersIt is recommended to set up special fund for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers，to provide fund support for new generation migrant workers，and solve the problem of simple financing channel and difficult financing of those migrant workers starting an undertaking.Besides，it should set up many fund source channels and strengthen cooperation between banks and enterprises，to promote financial support for undertaking-starting of migrant workers.In addition，it is proposed to gradually improve credit security system for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers，loosen loan conditions，and lower threshold of credit security institutions.Local government should provide corresponding risk subsidy for credit security institutions，support new generation migrant workers to return hometown for starting an undertaking in the manner of discount loan，and provide small amount secured loan for new generation migrant workers starting an undertaking.

4.3 Putting up service platform for undertaking-stating of new generation migrant workersLocal government should open up a green path for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers，actively providemigrant workers starting an undertaking with project information，undertaking-starting guidance，small-amount loan，policy consultation，and simplify work process and raise working efficiency.Also，it should actively encourage and attract those migrant workers with certain capital accumulation，technological advantage and management experience to start an undertaking in the form of building，extension，merger，alliance，equity participation and share holding.In law-enforcing supervision，it should clear away roadblocks to practically protect enthusiasm of new generation migrant workers for starting an undertaking and treating them like foreign businessmen.In charges，it is required to further regulate examination and approval charges related to undertaking-starting，cancel unreasonable charges，and create excellent external environment favorable for starting an undertaking.

4.4 Increasing preferential policies for undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workersFirstly，it should reform industry and commerce registration system for individual proprietor，and loosen limit to undertaking-starting of new generation migrant workers.Secondly，it should cancel unreasonable examination，registration and approval processes，allow existence of some unregistered economic entities，and permitnew generation migrant workers to start informal undertaking.For example，it should put record of new generation migrant workers starting informal undertaking and practically implement relevant national documents.Thirdly，it is recommended to provide preferential taxation policy for new generation migrant workers starting an undertaking.Specifically，it should setup scientific and reasonable tax system and implement taxation policies according to social economic development characteristics，geographical position，natural resources，and cultural environment of different regions.

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