Development Mode and Recommendations for Industrialization of Tropical Agricultural Science and Technology

Meihuan QIU，Minxia LIN，Xiaodong ZHANG，Hongyi ZHANG，Zhunian WANG

Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Danzhou 571737，China

Starting from the middle of the 1980s，the agricultural industrialization undergoes exploration，development and improvement stages，has made outstanding achievements，and greatly promotes China’s agricultural modernization［1］.Industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an effective approach for conversion of tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievements.With the aid of the industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology，it is able to solve the problem of disconnection of science and technology with economy fundamentally，to make high and new technologies penetrate into tropical agriculture，and promptly apply advanced and suitable technologies in production and operation of tropical agriculture.This is of great realistic significance for regulating China’s tropical industrial structure，improving tropical agricultural benefits， increasing farmers’income，strengthening competitiveness of tropical agricultural products，improving rural ecological environment，and realizing stable and sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy.

1 Necessity for industrialization of agricultural science and technology

1.1 Solving the problem of disconnection of science and technology with economyAt present，weak ability of converting tropical agricultural science and technology to actual productivity and low industrialization of new and high tropical agricultural science and technology are still obstacles restricting tropical agricultural economic development of China，and the disconnection of science and technology with economy is not solved fundamentally.Industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology can effectively and closely connect tropical agricultural scientific research and achievement conversion and farmers’demands with development of tropical agricultural economy.

1.2 Improving efficiency of converting tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievementsSource of tropical agricultural scientific and technological progress is constantly and newly developed tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievements.The industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an essential approach for conversion of tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievements and also a more important and effective form for increasing efficiency of converting tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievements.Implementing industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology can bring achievements of tropical agricultural science and technology to directly enter tropical agricultural production and tropical agricultural economy.

1.3 Strengthening international competitiveness of agricultural science and technologyAfter entry to the WTO，China’s tropical agricultural growth and development are faced with serious challenge of developed countries.To strengthen China’s international competitiveness in tropical agricultural products，the key lies in tropical agricultural scientific and technological progress.The industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an effective form of tropical agriculture relying on scientific and technological progress.The industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology in open condition will inevitably promote introduction and output of tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievements，accelerate integration of China’s tropical agricultural scientific and technological achievement market with international market，and strengthen China’s agricultural scientific and technological competitiveness through international exchange and cooperation.

2 Development mode of industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology

2.1 Tropical agricultural scientific research institutions establishing economic entitiesThose tropical agricultural scientific research institutions with scientific and technological development ability can establish economic entities or development or gani-zations，make conversion of scientific and technological achievements relying on independent intellectual property right，produce and sell scientific and technological products，and develop tropical agricultural and technological industrialization mode.This mode is an essential force of industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology and also a basic mode at the early stage of industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology.For example，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences is a national level research institute engaged in scientific research and development of tropical agriculture and having wide influence in both domestic and foreign tropical agricultural research field.It has14 scientific research institutes，and more than 60 provincial and ministerial level scientific and technological platforms，such as National Major Tropical Crops Engineering Research Center，provincial and ministerial state key laboratory cultivation base，and comprehensive key laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture.With the aid of research advantages in tropical agricultural field，the Academy connects scientific research and scientific and technological development，has embodied 137 items of scientific and technological achievements，and developed 58 categories（174 types）scientific and technological products，converted scientific and technological achievements.Its income from scientific and technological development and service increased at annual rate of 30%in 2011－2013.

2.2 Tropical agricultural scientific research institutes establishing scientific and technological enterprises With deepening of reform of tropical agricultural scientific and technological system，tropical agricultural scientific research institutes actively establish scientific and technological enterprises，and industrialize those scientific and technological achievements with outstanding scientific research advantages and excellent industrialization foundation，so as to realize integrated operation of research and development，processing，production and sales.Operation entities are mainly enterprises.Some scientific research institutes adopt the operation mode of one identical institution under two different names.

2.3 Cooperation between production，teaching and researchIn the actual practice of agricultural scientific and technological industrialization，enterprises as subjects of tropical agricultural scientific and technological industrialization cooperation with scientific research institute and colleges and universities，develop scientific and technological products for large-scale production，to obtain profit of scientific and technological industrialization through implementing tropical agricultural scientific and technological industrialization.

2.4 Scientific and technological project investmentUsing fund investment of national scientific and technological projects，with the aid of scientific and technological force and scientific research achievements of project units，it is expected to establish integrated scientific research，production，and sales development mode of agricultural scientific and technological industrialization.A unique characteristic of this mode is converting agricultural scientific and technological achievements through organization and implementation of scientific and technological projects，establishing a good many new agricultural industries，and cultivating a lot of agricultural scientific and technological enterprises.

3 Development recommendations for industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology

To promote industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology，it is required to establish and improve appropriate operating mechanism.It is recommended to integrate capital，science and technology and market in accordance with rules of tropical agricultural scientific and technological industrialization.On the basis of diversified development pattern of tropical agricultural scientific and technological industrialization，it is recommended to cultivate and establish a good many competitive tropical agricultural scientific and technological enterprises.

3.1 Establishing various tropical agricultural scientific and technological enterprisesIt is recommended to encourage and promote agricultural scientific research institutions with market ability and scientific and technological industrial development strength to gradually change to scientific and technological enterprises.Besides，we encourage enterprises cooperate with agricultural scientific research institutions and establish various agricultural scientific and technological enterprises.In addition，it is recommended to support and encourage agricultural enterprises to upgrade to agricultural scientific and technological enterprises，so as to enjoy preferential policy for other agricultural scientific and technological enterprises.Also，it is required to encourage more agricultural scientific and technological personnel to enter private agricultural scientific and technological enterprises with technologies and achievements.Furthermore，it is recommended to support large agricultural scientific and technological enterprises to transform their enterprises in accordance with theCompany Law of the People's Republic of China，and gradually establish modern enterprise system.Finally，it is recommended to encourage agricultural scientific and technological enterprises to raise funds through various financing channels，to develop agricultural scientific and technological industrialization.

3.2 Improving operating mechanism of tropical agricultural scientific and technological industrializationIt is recommended to gradually establish operating mechanism and implement modern enterprise management in accordance with operation rules of market economy.Besides，it is recommended to encourage technological research and development organizations to establish shareholding tropical agricultural scientific and technological enterprises，comprehensively implement modern enterprise management system，properly determine technology share，state investment share，high management personnel share and worker share，and advocate gradual implementation of entire staff shareholding system.It is recommended to establish benefit incentive and restrictive mechanism with technology，fund，management and labor as core parts，establish the Board of Directors，and implement general manager responsibility system in accordance with simplified，unified and high efficient principle.Also，it is recommended to make bold exploration of multiple technology and economy integrated development mode.Especially，we advocate and support large-scale consolidation and optimization of existing technologies，funds，and market and management personnel.

3.3 Further strengthening scientific and technological innovation ability of enterprises At the early stage of establishment，enterprises rely on scientific and technological achievement reserve and talent reserve of original research and development institutions，but their sustainable development mainly depends on their scientific and technological innovation ability.Therefore，agricultural scientific and technological enterprises should establish close cooperation，strengthen scientific and technological innovation ability and cultivate innovation talents，put 3－5%of total revenue in research and development，and gradually increase the percentage，to improve autonomous innovation ability.

3.4 Strengthening external environment construction of agricultural scientific and technological industrializationIt is recommended to increase fund input and improve the fund input mechanism.Relevant departments and local government may increase support for agricultural scientific and technological industrialization through spanning plan，achievement conversion fund project，harvest plan and special project of agricultural scientific and technological industrialization，select some excellent projects and increase the development of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.Besides，it is recommended to strengthen protection and management of agricultural intellectual property right.It is required to regulate market behavior in the process of agricultural scientific and technological industrialization and safeguard lawful rights and interests of scientific and technological innovation entities on the basis ofLaw of the People's Republic of China on Progress of Science and TechnologyandRegulations on Protection of New Crop Varieties.Besides，it is recommended to guide agricultural enterprises and agricultural scientific research institutions，colleges and universities establish and improve intellectual property right management system.

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