词汇短语园地

1. lack v. 缺乏，缺少

n. 缺乏，匮乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

比较：lack和shortage的区别

lack指的是“完全没有或部分缺少”，既表示具体，也表示抽象，如智力、知识、勇气等；而shortage指的是“短缺”，因此要就量而言。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

会员对这些变动没有多大热情。

There were severe shortages during the war.

战争期间食物严重短缺。

1) for/through lack of 因缺少

2) no lack of 不缺少，足够

3) lack for nothing 什么也不缺

4) be lacking in 缺少（lacking是形容词）

2. advance adj. 预先的，在前的

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多数起程票无需预订。

advance n. 前进；进步，发展

1) in advance 在前面；预先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

预订票要便宜一些。

2) in advance of 在（时间或空间）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。

advance v. 预付；提前，提早

advanced adj. 先进的；高级的，高等的

3. favour n. 恩惠，照顾

As a special favour, Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作为对你的特殊恩惠，我允许你今晚迟睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顾好你自己，骑车要带上头盔。

1) do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙

2) in favour of 赞同，支持；看中，选择

3) in ones favour 以……为受益人

4) ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙

4. reply n. 回答，答复，回信

v. 回答，答复；回应，做出反应

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我问她叫什么名字，但她没有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

参议员回答说他不宜发表评论。

比较：动词reply和answer的区别

reply为正式用语，多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答，常用作不及物动词，和介词to连用；answer为一般用语，既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，还可引申为“应答”。

1) in reply to 作为对……的答复

2) reply to 回答，答复

5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。

1) in the absence of 缺少

2) absence of mind 心不在焉

3) in ones absence 某人不在期间

absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的

1) be absent from 缺席

2) absent-minded 心不在焉的

6. interrupt v. 打断，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他们被敲门声打断了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time?

请你别老是插嘴好吗？

interruption n. 打扰，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他没有理会她的打岔。

7. imagine v. 想象

(1) imagine + n. 想象，设想

The house was just as she had imagined.

这房子正是她所想象的。

(2) imagine + that从句 胡乱猜想……；认为……

Hes always imagining were taking about him behind his back.

他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我认为他们不会拒绝。

(3) imagine + doing 想象做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner?

你能想象乔治做饭吗？

imaginings n. 想象出的事物；幻想物

imagination n. 想象力，想象；幻想物；创造力

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；创新的

imaginable adj. 想象得到的；可想象的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；幻想的；虚构的

8. purpose n. 目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我们这次活动的主要目的就是募款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.

二者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

1) on purpose 故意地

2) with/for the purpose of 为了……目的

3) to the purpose 中肯的（地），合适的（地）

9. apologise v. 道歉

apology n. 道歉；致歉

apologise for sth/doing sth 为……而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本航班延误离境，谨致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue, and I demand an immediate apology.

你的说法完全不真实，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of 想起，回忆起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一时想不起她的名字。

1) think better of 对……有更高的评价

2) think little of 不重视；认为……没价值

3) think nothing of 把……视为平常；不把……当一回事；

觉得……无所谓

4) think about 考虑到，关心，替……着想

5) think out/over 仔细考虑

6) think up 想出

11. in addition 除此之外，另外

该短语表示“另外，此外”，为副词性短语，作状语，在句中位置灵活。在句中和句末时，一般用逗号隔开。

There is, in addition, one further point to make.

此外，还有一点要说。

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.

除英语外，他还要学第二外语。

与in addition一样都表示“除……之外（还）”的其它词语或短语：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。

比较：find out，find与look for的区别

find out指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相，调查出原因或发现秘密、错误等；find多表示偶然性地找到；look for着重表现寻找的动作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我们在办公室附近发现了一家很棒的新餐馆。

Where have you been? Weve been looking for you.

你上哪儿去了？我们一直在找你。

13. leave out 省去，删去；漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我没有更改或删去任何东西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你错了，你漏掉了字母T。

1) leave... for 离开……去某地

2) leave sth as it is 任某事物自由发展

3) leave alone 不管；不理会；不打扰

4) leave behind 忘带；留下

14. (be) aware of 知道；意识到；明白

Were you aware of something was wrong?

你有没有意识到已经出问题了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我认为人们并不真正明白它得花多少钱。

1) as far as I am aware 就我所知

2) make sb aware of sth 让某人明白某事

15. take the lead 带头，领先

If we take the lead in this, others may follow.

如果我们在这方面带头行动，其他人就会跟着来。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

汤姆在跑第三圈时领先。

1) be in the lead 领先

2) follow the lead of sb 以某人为榜样，效仿某人

3) give sb a lead 给某人做出榜样；提示某人

16. show off 炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

1) show sb around/round 领（某人）参观

2) show up 如约赶到；出现；露面

3) show ones face 露面；公开见人

Thats the Difference

A teenager lost a contact lens while playing basketball in his driveway.

After a fruitless search, he told his mother the lens was nowhere to be found. Undaunted, she went outside and in a few minutes, returned with the lens in her hand.

“How did you manage to find it, Mom?” the teenager asked.

“We werent looking for the same thing,” she replied. “You were looking for a small piece of plastic. I was looking for $150.”