阅读理解（史地知识类）

【命题特点分析】

史地知识介绍文常介绍特定国家或城市的历史和地理知识，以增长读者见识，开拓读者眼界。介绍历史知识时常以时间为推移介绍其政权归属和朝代更替；介绍地理知识时常介绍特定 国家或城市的位置、气候、资源、山脉、河流和环境。

史地知识介绍文常见题型有：

1. 第一批定居者何时到达判断题

介绍历史知识的阅读文章常常介绍当地居民的历史演变，因此易出现第一批居民何时到达判 断题，这种试题常以When did the first immigrants come to…？或The first immigrant s came to… in.为设问方式，认真阅读各批居民相对应的到达时间不难作出准 确判断。

2. 特定居民移民目的判断题

介绍历史知识时阅读文章常常介绍特定居民移民时有何特定目的，如寻找宝藏、殖民侵略等 ，因此常出现特定居民移民目的判断题，试题常以Why did… come to…？或For what reas on did…come to…或The…came to…because…为设问方式。认真阅读分析原文对 特定居民移民背景信息的介绍不难找到答案。

3. 特定地名现在何处判断题

历史知识介绍文还经常介绍某一地点在历史上的更名情况，因此常出现特定地名现在何处判 断题。试题常以Where is…now？为设问方式。认真阅读分析特定地点在历史上的更名情况，追根求源不难找到答案。

4. 地理位置判断题

地理知识介绍文常常介绍特定地点的地理位置，因此易出现地理位置判断题。试题常以Where does…lie？或…lies…为设问方式，以小型地图为备选项。解题时应认真阅读分析原文，了解特定地点的近邻、山脉和河流走向及城市分布，在综合考虑的基础上解答试题。

5. 特定地点气候判断题

地理知识介绍文还常分季节和地区介绍特定地点的气候特点，因此易出现特定地点气候判断题。试题常以Whats the weather like in…month/season in…？为设问方式， 解题时应弄清特定国家/城市不同地区不同季节的气候特点，准确找出题干所指地点和时段的气候情况。

6. 特定季节人们活动判断题

地理知识介绍文还介绍不同季节当地人的不同活动，因此易出现特定季节人们活动判断题。试题常以What do…do in spring/summer/autumn/winter in…？为设问方式。解题时应认 真阅读分析原文对不同季节人们不同活动的介绍，准确找出题干所指的活动。

【典型考题】

（一）

Londons Chinese community[社会] dates back to the 18th century， when a smallnumber of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse， east London. Astime went on， other Chinese people came to this area and Limhouse began to be known as“Chinatown”. However， Londons Chinese community remained very smallfor many years： at the start of the 20th century， there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.

After the Second World War， many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London. As Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war， they settled[定居] in a different area—a part of central London near Leicester Square. Thisarea is now what Londoners call Chinatown.

At first， the new immigrants[移民] found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s， however， a small Chinese restaurant opened in London. Many British people visited it and said that Chinese food was wonderful！ Suddenly， Chinese restaurants a nd take aways started opening in every part of the city. Instead of too littlew ork， the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much！ They worked ascooks， managers or waiters. Most of them enjoyed their lives and arranged theirfriends and relatives to join them from overseas.

As time went by， Londons Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters of the original restaurant workers studied and worked veryhard. And most went on to get highly paid jobs. Many Chinese families left China town and moved to the more expensive outskirts. Chinatown， however， is still as lively as ever.

（ ）1. When did the first Chinese immigrants come to London？

A. In the 1950s.

B. More than 200 years ago.

C. After the Second World War.

D. At the start of the 20th century.

（ ）2. Why did many Chinese immigrants come to London in the 1950s？

A. Because it was easy for them to get jobs there.

B. Because Limhouse had been almost destroyed during the war.

C. Because many British people enjoyed Chinese food.

D. Because their children could study there and get highly paid jobs.

（ ）3. In the 1950s， Chinese immigrants came to London and worked as _________.

A. sailors

B. farmers

C. sailors and farmers

D. restaurant workers

（ ）4. Where is Londons Chinatown now？

A. In the east of London.

B. In Limhouse.

C. Not far from Leicester Square.

D. Outside the city.

（ ）5. According to this passage， if people live in the outskir ts of a city， they live _______.

A. in the village

B. far away from the city

C. in the centre of the city

D. in the outer areas of the city

（二）

Dear Lin Tao，

How are you？Right now Im watching the weather report on TV. It says its snowing in Beijing. But here， in Australia its summer！Our summer is in December， January and February. Its really hot now. I like summer because my favorite sports are swimming， beach volleyball and surfing.

Our autumn is from March to May. Some trees turn yellow and orange， but many tre es are green all year round. The weather is warm and sunny. We often drive to the Blue Mountains to enjoy the fresh air！

Winter in Sydney starts in June and ends in August. The weather is not very cold. It never snows， but it rains a lot. Helen and I like to watch football games， even in the rain. Sometimes we go to a beach and watch whales swimming in the sea.

Spring here is from September to November. I like spring best. The weather gets warmer and everything begins to grow. Trees turn green and flowers come out. My family often have a barbecue at a park or on a beach.

What about the seasons in Beijing？ I know they are really different！ What do you usually do in different seasons？

Please write back soon！

Best wishes，

David

（ ）1. Whats the season now in Australia？

A. Spring.

B. Summer.

C. Autumn.

D. Winter.

（ ）2. Whats the weather like in autumn in Australia？

A. Its really hot.

B. It rains a lot.

C. Its warm and sunny.

D. It gets cold.

（ ）3. What do they often do in winter in Sydney？

A. Go surfing.

B. Climb the mountains.

C. Watch football games.

D. Have barbecues.

（ ）4. When is spring in Australia？

A. From December to February.

B. From March to May.

C. From June to August.

D. From September to November.

（ ）5. What does David want to tell Lin Tao about Australia in his letter？

A. The time of different seasons.

B. The weather of four seasons.

C. Different activities in different seasons.

D. All of the above.

阅读理解答案

（一）

【导读】

长期以来伦敦的中国人居住地是如何演变的？本文较为详细地介绍了伦敦唐人街的历史变迁 。

1. B 原文首句Londons Chinese community[社会] dates back to the 18th century， when a small number of Chinese sailors moved to the city to work in Limhouse， east London.体现答案。

2. A 由原文第二节首句After the Second World War， many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London.可以得知答案。

3. D 由原文第三节可以推断二十世纪五十年代中国移民来到伦敦是做饭店工人的。

4. C 原文第二节中…they settled[定居] in a different area—a part of central London near Leicester Square. This area is now what Londoners call Chinatown.体现答案。

5. D 由原文末节倒数第二句中的left Chinatown and moved to 和画线词的构词特点可以 推断画线词义为“郊外”。

（二）

【导读】

澳大利亚和我们处在两个不同的半球，一个在天南，一个在地北，春夏秋冬完全颠倒。本文详细介绍了这一奇特的地理现象。

1. B 原文第一节中But here， in Australia its summer！体现答案。

2. C 原文第二节中The weather is warm and sunny. 体现答案。

3. C 原文第三节中Helen and I like to watch football games… 体现答案。

4. D 原文第四节中Spring here is from September to November. 体现答案。

5. D 原文以季节变化为线索介绍了各季节的天气特点和人们的活动。