◎永定第一中学 曾放珍
新课程课堂教学改革的主要目标之一是要改变传统的以教师为中心、单纯传授知识的教学模式,构建一种既能发挥教师主导作用又能体现学生主体作用的新型教学模式。课堂教学要以生为本,以学生的学习为核心,着重关注学生的进步与发展。我们都知道,阅读教学是高中英语教学的重要内容,占高中教学的相当一大部分时间。而且,英语阅读理解的考查在高考中是重中之重,占全卷150分当中的40分。教师应如何搞好阅读教学,尤其是课文阅读教学呢?笔者认为,以学生为主体、教师为主导的英语课文阅读教学能充分激发学生的学习主动性、积极性,从而提高英语阅读教学的有效性。在龙岩市第八届“普通中学开放周”活动中,笔者给同行开设了一节教学观摩课。教学内容是人教版NSEFC必修2 Unit 4的课文How Daisy Learned to Help Wildlife。以下,笔者谈谈这节课的具体教学设计以及总结和反思。
教材分析
本单元的主题是Wildlife Protection,它是人们普遍关注、学生比较熟悉的话题。本节阅读课文How Daisy Learned to Help Wildife紧扣主题,是本单元的教学核心。它是一篇童话故事,讲述一个女孩Daisy乘坐a flying carpet跨越时空的一次奇妙的旅行。通过Daisy和藏羚羊、大象、猴子的对话的寓言故事,展示了Daisy逐渐认识保护动物的重要性和必要性的过程。文中动物们讲述了各自的处境,唤起了Daisy对动物的热爱以及保护动物的责任心。通过阅读教学,促使学生更加热爱动物、保护动物,学会从我做起、从现在做起。
设计思想
以“学生为主体、教师为主导”为教学原则,努力体现“课堂师生互动、生生互动”的新课程教学理念,充分利用多媒体资源和创设语言环境进行本节课的教学。由于这篇阅读课文在理解方面难度不大,因此,在处理教材时,改变传统的阅读教学模式,根据教材及学生的实际情况,通过观看短片导入话题,突出读前部分、小组讨论和课文角色的表演三个环节,精心设计阅读部分的练习,增加阅读教学的趣味性,充分调动学生的学习积极性,提高教学效果。
三维目标
知识目标
通过本节课文阅读教学,学习与话题相关的17个生词和6个新短语。
生 词 :species,carpet,respond,distant,fur,antelope,Zimbabwe,certain,importance,rub,mosquito,milipede,insect,contain,powerful,affect,appreciate
短 语 :in danger (of),in relief,burst into laughter,without mercy,protect...from,pay attention to
能力目标
1.引导学生通读How Daisy Learned to Help Wildife这篇课文阅读材料,并进行全面整体理解,积极思考,达到强化语言意识,丰富语言知识,全面提高综合运用语言的能力。
2.培养自主学习、探究学习和合作学习的能力。
情感目标
1.在有现实意义的话题激励下,激发学英语的兴趣。
2.在共同完成教学活动中和通过小组竞赛,加强团队协作的精神和竞争意识。
3.提高保护动物、维护生态平衡、保护地球的意识和责任感。
教学方法
本节课以多媒体教学为平台,采用任务型教学方法。以学生为主体,教师为主导,采用小组竞赛法完成各个教学活动。
教学过程
Step1.Leading in
Enjoy a movie——Save the earth and answer the following questions.
1.What happened to the animals?
2.What should we do to the endangered animals?
设计意图:通过观看短片,自然引入话题;用直观的手段吸引学生的注意力,激发学习兴趣,引发学生的积极思维。
Step2.Pre-reading
Answer the following questions.
1.Can you name some endangered animals?
Ask some students to show their pictures searched on the Internet and the other students name the endangered animals in English.
2.Why are they in danger of disappearing?
Get the students to give their opinions individually.
Suggested answers:
1.They are being killed and hunted by people.
2.They have not enough food.
3.Their habitat is being destroyed or changed.
4.They are being killed by other animals.
…
设计意图:通过让学生课前自己上网搜找有关濒危动物的图片、课中上台展示图片和问答相关问题等活动,培养他们自主学习、探究学习和合作学习的能力;充分利用多媒体资源积累更多话题信息,为后面的Reading、Discussion和Acting等活动做好铺垫。
Step3.Reading
Task1.Skimming
Skim the passage and find out the main idea of the passage.
A:It is about some protection of wildlife.
B:It is about a journey of a flying chair.
C: Itis aboutDaisy’s wonderfulexperience with some animals.
Key:C
Task2.Scanning
Scan the the passage and answer the following questions.
1.How many parts can the passage be divided into?And what’s the main idea of each part?
Suggested answers:It can be divided into three parts.The main idea of each part are as follows:
Part 1(Para 1):Why we need wildlife protection.
Part 2(Para 2):A good example of wildlife protection.
Part 3(Para 3-4):What we can get from wildlife protection.
2.What three places did Daisy go and what animals did she meet?
Get the students to fill in the blanks according to the reading passage and the pictures.
1)In Tibet she met an antelope.
2)In Zimbabwe she met an elephant.
3)In the rainforest she met a monkey.
Task3.Careful reading
短文填词:阅读下面短文,根据以下提示:1)汉语提示,2)首字母提示,3)语境提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词。所填单词要求意义准确和拼写正确。
One day,Daisy ,who was eager to help protect endangered wildlife dreamed a strange dream.She flew in a w______carpet.First,she came to Tibet.There she saw a Tibetan antelope with a depressed look.She______broken-hearted to know that those
antelopes were being killed for their wool b their stomachs.Then the carpet took her to Zimbabwe,_______she talked with a big elephant.She wasglad to learn thatthe numberofthe elephants,which used to be hunted without (仁慈)by farmers,keeps______(增加)thanks to the local government’s help.Finally they landed in a thick rainforest.From a monkey,she discovered a powerful drug which a______mosquitoes.However,_______to her surprise,everything began to disappear as soon as they returned home.But anyway,through this unforgettable experience,Daisy had a sense of__________(欣 慰 .).Also,she learnt a lot about the great i______of protecting wildlife.
Keys:wonderful;was;beneath;where;mercy;increasing;affects;much/greatly;relief;importance
设计意图:在Reading部分,通过skimming和 scanning任务环节培养学生略读和查读能力的同时,理清课文的主要内容。通过careful reading以及完成短文填词练习,培养学生吸收信息及学会加工信息的能力。
Step4.Discussion
Discuss the topic:What should we do to protect wildlife?(for the government/people/yourself)
Get the students to work in groups of four,and the group leader writes down the other three students’opinions,then reports the result.
Suggested answers:
1.Pass laws to protect wildlife.
2.Protect the environment.
3.Build protection zones(reserves).
4.Forbid people to kill endangered animals.
5.Collect money to protect them.
…
设计意图:紧扣主题,学以致用,同时也为课后写作做好前期准备。以学生为主体的教学活动进一步得到体现。
Step5.Acting the dialogues
The students volunteer to act the dialogues in groups of three.
Group1:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Antelope.
Group2:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Elephant.
Group3:A dialogue between Daisy,Carpet and Monkey.
设计意图:让学生运用所学的课文知识进行有效的语言输出;通过生动的角色表演增加阅读教学的趣味性,充分发挥学生的主动性和积极性。
Step6.Summary
Summarize what has been learned from the reading text.
From Daisy’s experience,we know that wildlife protection is of great importance all over the world.What happens in one country can affect what happens in other parts of the world.So everyone should do his best to protect wildlife.
Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.Let’s take action right now! Let’s live in peace with wildlife!
设计意图:培养学生的概括能力;增强保护动物的意识和责任感。
Step7.Assessment
Summarize the whole competion of this period and reward the most active students in each group with small presents,such as the toys made of animals and some nice notebooks.
设计意图:鼓励学生积极、主动参与整节课的教学活动,使其获得成就感。
Assignment
Write a passage As students,what should we do to protect wildlife?in about 120 words.
设计意图:课后作业与前面的discussion的教学任务相呼应,体现了阅读教学与写作教学的完美结合,构成了完整的语言输入到语言输出的过程。
本节课的教学充分体现了新课程理念,以学生为主体、教师为主导,以学生为中心,从引入部分的感知到初步理解、深层理解,再到语言的输出、运用,做到紧扣主题,围绕中心,由浅入深,层层递进,引发了一个个有效课堂活动的生成,构建了一个较为完整的有效阅读教学模式。在课堂评价方面,改变传统的评价方法,以小组之间的竞赛为形式,学生参与意识强,积极性极高,充分体现了自主学习、探究学习和合作学习的过程,任务的完成达到了预期目标。
[1]《普通高中《英语课程标准》(实验)》,人民教育出版社,2008年。
[2]《高中英语新课程教学设计与评析》,高等教育出版社,2008年。
[3]郑春红:《例谈阅读课教学设计的有效性》,《中小学外语教学》,2012年第7期。
[4]徐家兵:《从一次同题异构活动反思初中英语课堂中学生的主体地位》,《中小学外语教学》,2012年第2期。