系统分析 专项梳理 指导方法 运用练习

摘 要：中考英语总复习是综合性、系统性的复习，宜于结合英语学科的特点，抓住复习的要点，明确复习的目标和考试内容，拟定科学的复习方法，以听力技能、口语技能、阅读技能、写作技能和语言知识综合运用五个版块进行分析、归类，结合专项训练和综合训练，加强实践运用，在实践和运用中变知识为能力。在此过程中，逐步梳理、网络，条理知识，不断提高，融会贯通。

关键词：中考英语；总复习；关键；目标；内容；技能；语言知识；能力

中图分类号：G632.479 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1009-010X（2013）3/4-0087-16

复习是一个梳理知识，查漏补缺，形成知识系统的过程。通过复习，我们可以理清所学的知识和技能，使知识和技能便于记忆和运用，使能力进一步提升。中考英语总复习是综合性的、系统性的复习，如果能抓住关键和要点，明确目标和内容，并运用科学的方法，就能在原有成绩的基础上再提高一步，使知识水平和能力水平再登上一个新台阶。

研究表明，条理化有助于学习和记忆，有助于复习。为了便于同学们复习，这里总结了“系统分析，专项梳理，抓住要点，运用练习”十六字复习法。即以初中阶段所学英语知识和技能为综合内容，以听力技能、口语技能、阅读技能、写作技能以及语言知识综合运用五个版块为专项版块，进行纵向和横向的分析和梳理。为了清晰明了起见，分析和梳理结合中考英语学科的特点，结合2012年中考英语试题，以例为证，透析中考英语考试说明、命题特点，分析学生答题情况，启发自主应对措施，从而有针对性地进行方法指导。在此基础上，精选试题，进行专项训练——综合训练，突出运用，增强实践。旨在明确重点，指导方法，强化训练，方便复习，提高能力。

一、考试内容与复习关键

对初中英语考试，《义务教育英语课程标准》要求检测学生综合语言运用能力的发展程度，包括语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五个方面。听力部分着重考查学生理解和获取信息的能力，避免单纯辨音等脱离语境的题型。阅读和写作部分主要考查学生理解真实语言材料和表达真实思想的能力。对语言知识的考查则着重考查学生的知识运用能力，而不是孤立地考查知识点或对知识的机械记忆。

据此可知，中考英语学科的考试主要侧重考查学生的语言技能、语言知识、跨文化交际意识和跨文化交际能力。具体考查学生英语听、说、读、写等语言技能及灵活运用语言知识的能力。因此，总复习的关键在于对初中阶段所学英语内容进行系统分析和梳理，使其网络化、系统化，在实践和运用过程中变知识为能力。应该明确，复习是学生在脑海里建立起知识的联系，达到融会贯通，从而夯实已学知识，形成和发展运用能力的过程，而不是对所学知识的简单重复与累加的过程。

二、目标要求与命题特点

河北中考英语试题依据全日制义务教育《英语课程标准》和《河北省2013年初中毕业生升学英语学科考试说明》，不依赖、偏向于某一版本的教材，不出偏、难、怪题，不出死记硬背、机械训练的题目；渗透以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为核心的教育新理念，重视综合英语语言运用能力的考查，以推动英语学科教学方式和学习方式的改革；充分发挥考试的正导向功能，以学生为本，注意考试问题的探究性与综合性，坚持其教育性与时代性，引导学生关注社会、关注人类；试题充分体现“知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观”三维目标，体现“稳中求新，稳中求变，稳中求发展”的命题特点。2012年试题难度比例3：5：2（容易题30%，中等难度题50%，难度较大题20%），整套试卷难度系数为0.65。试卷由卷I和卷II组成。卷I为客观性试题（选择题），包括听力第一节和笔试；卷II为非选择题，包括听力第二节。卷I在机读卡上作答，卷II在试卷上作答。考试采用闭卷笔试形式，总分为120分（听力测试部分30分，笔试部分90分），考试时间为120分钟（包括听力测试部分25分钟）。这些，预测今年不会有大的改变。

那么，复习首先要明确目标，有了目标才会做到“有的放矢”。我们在复习时要遵循《义务教育英语课程标准》与《初中毕业生升学文化课考试说明》的技能目标和要求。具体到听力技能、口语技能、阅读技能、写作技能和语言知识综合运用五个方面，目标要求分别是：

（一）听力技能

听力技能指学生对口头语言材料的理解能力和从口头语言材料获取信息的能力。具体要求：

1.能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图；

2.能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点；

3.能借助语境克服生词障碍，理解大意；

4.能听懂接近自然语速的故事和记叙文，理解故事的因果关系；

5.能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应；

6.能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息；

7.能听懂广播、电视、录音、录像中与本学段水平相当的英语有声语言材料。

（二）口语技能

1.能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点和意见，参与讨论；

2.能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务；

3.能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正；

4.能有效地询问信息和请求帮助；

5.能根据话题进行情景对话；

6.能用英语表演短剧；

7.能在以上口语活动中做到语音、语调自然，语气恰当。

（三）阅读技能

阅读技能是英语学科考试主要考查的内容之一，着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁书面材料的能力，以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。具体要求：

1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；

2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；

3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；

4.能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的阅读材料；

5.能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；

6.能利用词典等工具书进行学习；

7.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。

（四）写作技能

写作技能指学生运用所学语言知识与技能进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事物、发表意见和观点的能力。具体要求：

1.能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材；

2.能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改；

3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；

4.能简单描述人物或事件；

5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。

（五）语言知识综合运用

语言知识的综合运用指学生在有意义的具体语境中运用语音、词汇、语法、语用等语言知识的能力。考试着重考查学生综合语言运用能力，不单纯考查知识点和机械记忆。

三、复习要点、方法指导和专项训练

（一）口语技能

口语技能是指学生英语口头表达的能力，指在具体语言环境中沟通信息、描述事物与情感、发表观点和意见的能力。 受现实条件的制约，大面积进行英语口试不太现实，目前我省中考英语学科考试主要通过听力考查来间接考查学生的口语能力。尤其是听力部分的“听句子，选出该句的最佳答语”试题，是以人机对话的形式考查口语能力的。学生听到来自播放器的声音，犹如是听到来自对面的人的声音一样，需要根据不同的情境、语气、身份等做出合理的应答。以2012年河北省中考英语试题为例：

Ⅱ. 听句子，选出该句的最佳答语。

6. A. You’re right.

B. I hope so. C. It’s not too hard.

7. A. Well done.

B. Never mind. C. No way.

8. A. Who’s speaking？

B. I’ll call her later. C. The line is busy.

9. A. It’s Tuesday.

B. It’s December 25th. C. It’s a fine day.

10.A. Be careful.

B. I don’t think so. C. Nothing serious.

录音材料：

No.6. Don’t worry about the match. You’ll do a good job.

No.7. Dad， can I drive the car to the party？

No.8. I’m sorry， but she’s out to dinner right now.

No.9. What day of the week is Christmas this year？

No.10. Doctor， I’ve got a pain here.

答案： 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C

不难看出，以上我们就像面对家长、老师、同学、医生等进行应答。做此题时，学生普遍的问题是不能针对上句，做出正确的反应。出现此问题的根本原因不是听不清上句而无法应答，而是（1）对功能意念项目不熟悉，不知道该语言的使用场所，不知如何应答对方；（2）是受汉语的干扰，不分情境，不懂英汉文化差异，做出汉语式的答语。（3）缺乏语言实践。平时很少使用英语，面对毫无准备的情境，头脑一片空白。如有的同学用All right给Thank you very much作答；有的用Good luck给I’ve passed the exam作答；有的用Not at all给You did very well作答等，造成错误。

【方法指导】

为了避免上述错误，复习时，可以分两个步骤：

1.研读《初中毕业生升学文化课考试说明》中“功能意念项目表”，如：社会交往、态度、情感等，弄清如何表示感谢、请求许可、提供帮助、祝贺与祝愿等，牢记如何做出正确的应答，如：“感谢（Thank you very much/Thanks a lot/Thank you for your help.）”的应答语“It’s a pleasure/That’s OK/That’s all right/You’re welcome.”，并在日常生活中多用英语进行交际。例如：2012年河北中考试题的第6题，是《河北省升学文化课考试说明》中的“希望和愿望（Hope and wish）”的内容：I hope to…答语为I hope so/I hope not；第7题为《学科考试说明》中的“请求允许及同意和不同意”的内容；第8题为“打电话”项目；第9题为“时间”项目。第10题为“就医”项目内容。总之，此题考点均出自《河北省升学文化课考试说明》，同学们一定要认真研读。

2.强化训练，把多套此类试题的录音材料及答语放在一起，从做笔试入手，分析具体的语言环境及英汉应答方式的不同。在强化练习中，熟悉、巩固并提高正确的应答能力。例如我们可以把《教育实践与研究》编辑部的《中考英语听力模拟试题》及其增刊试题的材料整合为专项训练作为强化训练的材料，帮助考前复习。

【专项训练】

单项选择：

1. May I have your name， please？

A. I don’t know. B. 1 don’t have it. C. It’s Jim Green.

2. How often do you go to the movies？

A. In two weeks. B. Twice a month. C. For two days.

3. Always remember to say“Please”and “Thank you”， boy.

A. No， thanks. B. Yes， please. C. Okay， I will.

4. Lucy， I’d like you to go for a picnic with us.

A. Wonderful！ B. Well done！ C. No hurry！

5. Oh， really？ I can’t believe my eyes！

A. But it’s true.

B. Bad luck！

C. Go to see a doctor.

6. Congratulations！ You did a wonderful job.

A. I will work harder. B. Thank you. C. Well done！

7. Would you mind if I smoke here？

A. That’s right.

B. I don’t know.

C. Sorry， you’d better not.

8. I’m sorry for losing your book.

A. Be careful！ B. Never mind. C. Not at all.

9. Why not go swimming on such a hot day？

A. Good idea！ B. Enjoy yourself！ C. Thank you！

10. Please don’t forget to take part in our club party tomorrow.

A. I can’t. B. I don’t. C. I won’t.

答案：1. C 2. B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C

（二）听力技能

听力技能是指学生对口头语言材料的理解能力和从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。中考英语听力试题，一般从听句子入手，从小对话到长对话及长语篇，听力材料逐渐加长，信息量逐渐增大，主要考查学生的听力理解能力和获取信息的能力。

中考英语听力第一题注重考查学生捕捉句子中关键信息的能力，从辨音和分析语义两个方面考查。它要求学生理解、分析所听语言材料，甄别、比对各选项后做出正确选择。如2012年河北省中考英语听力试题：

Ⅰ.听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。

1. A. desk B. test C. text

2. A. 08：15 B. 07：45 C. 08：45

3. A. a tidy shirt B. a white skirt C. a nice bird

4. A. Tim is a student.

B. Tim is 40 years old.

C. Tim works in a school.

5. A. We must finish the work at 10：00.

B. We can’t finish the work before 10：00.

C. We’ll probably finish the work before 10：00.

听力材料：

No.1. We had a big test yesterday.

No.2. On Sundays， I get up at a quarter past eight.

No.3. I bought a nice bird for my brother’s birthday.

No.4. Tim is 14 and he is in high school.

No.5. It’s possible for us to finish the work before 10 o’clock.

答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C

【方法指导】

复习此类内容时，要学会把握句子的关键词及同义句的表达方法，通过听写、记录关键词或转述的方法进行考前巩固练习。

对话和语段的部分主要考查学生对所听语言材料的理解及获取关键信息的能力。对话、语段内容以真实生活为基础，涉及生活的方方面面：天气、购物、生活习惯、爱好、邀请、就餐、旅游、就医、住宿、校园生活等等。在进行强化训练时，我们要围绕“观察、预测、验证”六字方针进行。首先仔细观察卷面的图片和文字材料；然后，根据问题和选项预测听力内容；最后，根据自己的预测，带着问题进行验证。我们在复习时，要尽最大可能地设计真实或接近真实的情境，在具体的情境中去体会具体语言的使用。也就是说，我们要为自己充分创设运用所学语言获取、处理和传递信息的机会，尽可能多地用英语表达个人的观点和感受。对于语段和长、短对话的复习，尤其应注意这一点。例：2012年河北省中考听力的第二节：

听短文填空。

Good morning ladies and gentlemen， this is the captain speaking， and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 for New York.

Our flight time today is about two hours， and most of the time we will be flying at the height of 29，000 feet. After we reach that height， we will offer you lunch. The weather right now is sunny， but there’s a chance of snow later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13， New York Airport.

Please turn off your mobile phones. The plane will take off in a moment. Wish you a pleasant stay in New York City. Now sit back and enjoy your flight.

此语段是有关飞机起飞前机长向乘客介绍本航班旅途具体情况的语段。语言规范、信息丰富，广播式朗读效果迅速把学生带入到了真实的情境中。但是大部分学生对此感到很陌生，有的学生甚至说，“我又没有乘坐过国际航班，怎么能知道机长在说什么呢？”。作为中学生，我们的确不能学习全部的语言、文化知识，但是，如果我们在复习过程中尽可能多地接触、了解、创设接近真实的语言情境，拓展文化视野，利用所学知识处理信息，就不会有此问题的发生。

【专项训练】

Ⅰ. 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。

1. A. Watching TV.

B. Playing sports. C. Collecting stamps.

2. A. A cold coke.

B. An orange juice. C. An apple juice.

3. A. Tom didn’t see her.

B. Tom’s reading about water.

C. Tom doesn’t like water.

4.

A B C

5.

A B C

听力材料：

No.1. M： What’s your hobby， Susan？ Like watching TV or something？

W： Actually stamp collecting is my favorite. How about you？

M： I like playing sports.

Q： What does Susan like doing？

No.2. M： Oh， It’s so hot！ Do you have anything to drink？

W： Yeah， a lot here， orange juice， apple juice， coke， whatever. What would you like？

M： Get me a cold coke， please.

Q： What does the man want to have？

No.3. M： Oh， Sorry， Susie. I didn’t see you.

W： What are you reading， Tom？

M： I’m reading about water.

W： Water？

Q： Why is Susie surprised？

No.4. M： Jane， I’m going to a bookstore. Would you like to go with me？

W： Yes， I’d love to， but I’ll have to give the postcard to my teacher.

M： You mean you’ll go to the school first？

W： Uh-huh.

Q： Where is Jane going first？

No.5. M： Could you tell me who is Janet？

W： Janet？ Oh， she’s wearing a long dress. And she’s got glasses.

M： Does she have long hair？

W： No， it’s not really long.

Q： Who’s Janet in the following pictures？

Ⅱ. 听语段、对话和问题，选择正确答案。

1. When will the students answer the question？

A. Before they listen.

B. While they listen.

C. After they listen.

2. What should they do while they listen？

A. Read the dialogue.

B. Say “Yes” or “No”.

C. Write the sentences.

3. Who will act out the dialogue？

A. Andy’s partners. B. Andy and Eric.

C. A boy and a girl.

4. How long can the students be at school in a day？

A. 6 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 8 hours.

5. What do they do besides having classes in the afternoon？

A. Go off to camp.

B. Do eye exercises.

C. Do after-school activities.

6. What do some students do if they are falling behind？

A. Go to summer school.

B. Do whatever they like.

C. Start to ask questions.

7. What does Dr. Lee think of playing computer games？

A. It’s bad for children.

B. It’s good for children.

C. It can be good and bad.

8. How does their mind work while they’re playing computer games？

A. It works slow. B. It works fast. C. It works long.

9. Why are some children getting too heavy or fat？

A. They only use their fingers.

B. They don’t exercise enough.

C. They repeat the same action.

10. What’s Dr. Lee’s suggestion for playing computer games？

A. Don’t play too much.

B. Play at a right time.

C. Never play again.

听力材料：

第一篇听力材料 （1～3题）

Hello， boys and girls！

Today we’ll have a listening practice. Here’s the dialogue between Andy and Eric. Before you listen， look at the picture on Page 1. With your partner， answer this question， “What do you think they are talking about？” While you listen， think about the sentences under the picture and say “Yes” or “No” according to the information you get. After you listen， read the dialogue in pairs. And finally， we’ll have a boy and a girl act out the dialogue in front of the class.

1. When will the students answer the question？

2. What should they do while they listen？

3. Who will act out the dialogue？

第二篇听力材料 （4～6题）

OK， A good question！ Something about the school in the United States. Well， first of all， the students don’t wear their uniforms. They can wear whatever they like. They don’t do eye exercises， either. They usually start their day at about 8：30 in the morning， and classes are usually over at around 3：30 in the afternoon. Many of the students will do after-school activities.

In summer they have three months off. Some students will go to summer school， if they’re falling behind. But a lot of students will go off to camp or do something fun.

4. How long can the students be at school in a day？

5. What do they do besides having classes in the afternoon？

6. What do some students do if they are falling behind？

第三篇听力材料 （7～10题）

M： Dr. Lee， I play computer games a lot. Is it bad for me？

W： It can be good and bad. When you’re playing computer games， your mind works fast.

M： That’s good to know. What else？

W： Game players are often able to think more clearly.

M： There are lots of good things about playing games！

W： But there are some bad things， too.

M： Tell us about those.

W： Some children play too much. They are getting too heavy or fat because they don’t exercise enough.

M： That’s not good.

W： Game players repeat the same action for hours. That’s too bad.

M： You’re right. Sometimes my fingers hurt if I play a long time.

W： So don’t play too much.

7. What does Dr. Lee think of playing computer games？

8. How does their mind work while they’re playing computer games？

9. Why are some children getting too heavy or fat？

10.What’s Dr. Lee’s suggestion for playing computer games？

◎变化：今年，听力第三题和第四题将微调整合，第三题听对话增加1～2组较长对话，设7～8小题，计7～8 分；第四题听语段，2～3段，设7～8个问题，计7～8 分。如：

Ⅲ. 听对话和问题，选择正确的选项。（共8小题，每小题1分，计8分）

11.

A B C

12.

A B C

13. A. Yellow. B. Green. C. Red.

14. A. At 7：10. B. At 7：20. C. At 7：30.

15. A. His father. B. His mother. C. His parnts.

16. A. She is ill.

B. She hurt her leg.

C. She didn't sleep well last night.

17. A. After midnight.

B. Before midnight.

C. Any time at night.

18. A. Sound. B. Health. C. Noise.

Ⅳ. 听语段和问题，选择正确答案。（共7小题，每小题1分，计7分）

19. How old is Jack？

A. 13. B. 14. C. 15.

20. What language does Jack speak？

A. English and Chinese.

B. English and French.

C. French and Chinese.

21. Which country does Jack hear and hopes to visit it some day？

A. China. B. English. C. France.

22. When do American people ofte go to the bar？

A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the evening.

23. What do American people go to the bar for？

A. To have dinner.

B. To relax themselves.

C. To talk about sports.

24. Who do they go to the sports game with？

A. Their friends.

B. Their relatives.

C. The members of their families.

25. How many kinds of bars？

A. One. B. Two. C. Three.

听力材料：

第三题：听对话和问题，选择正确的选项。下面你将听到六组对话和八个问题，每组对话和问题读两遍。请你听完对话和问题的第二遍朗读后，从各小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中，选出正确选项。

No. 11. M： May I help you？

W： Yes， please. I want to send this bag to Guangzhou. There are some books in it.

M： OK. 8 yuan. Here are your stamps.

W： Thanks！

Question No. 11. Where does this conversation probably happen？

No. 12. M： What's the weather like today？

W： It's fine this morning， but it's going to be cloudy this afternoon， and rainy tonight.

Question No. 12. How is the weather this afternoon？

No. 13. M： You look so beautiful in this red and yellow sweater.

W： Thank you. I'm glad to hear that. In fact， green is my favorite， but the salesgirl said the green ones had been sold out.

Question No. 13 What color does the girl like best？

No. 14. W： What time do you usually go to school？

M： At 7：10. And it's about twenty minutes' walk to get to school.

Question No. 14. When does the boy usually get to school？

No. 15.

W： What can I do for you， young man？

M： I want a T-shirt. I want to buy a present for my daddy.

W： How about this one？ It's very popular.

M： OK， I'll take it.

Question No. 15. Who does the boy buy the present for？

No. 16～18.

Bill： What's wrong with you， Anna？ Are you ill？

Anna： No.

Bill： But why do you look so sleepy？

Anna： Because of my neighbor's dog. It always barks at ight.

Bill： So you can't sleep well at night？

Anna： Yes. What shall I do？

Bill： Have you talked to your neighbor about this problem？

Anna： Yes. But he said he couldn't keep his dog silent.

Bill： Poor girl！

Anna： Have you met the same problem， Bill？

Bill： No， but I have met another one.

Anna： What's it？

Bill： My neighbor is a music teacher and she likes singing very much.

Anna： And then？

Bill： She goes to work in the daytime and begins to sing after work. She sings very loudly and doesn't stop until midnight.

Anna： Sounds bad！ So you have to fall asleep after midnight.

Bill： Yes. Noise is a real problem in our life today.

Anna： You're right. We should protect our world and make our life become better.

Bill： Yes， I think so.

Question No 16. What's the matter with Anna？

Question No 17. When can Bill fall asleep？

Question No 18. What problem do Anna and Bill have？

第四题：听语段和问题，选择正确答案。下面你将听到两篇听力材料和七个问题，听力材料和问题读两遍。请你听完听力材料和问题的第二遍朗读后，根据所听内容，从各小题所给出的A， B， C三个选项中，选出正确答案。

请听第一篇材料，并回答第19～21小题。

I'm Jack. I'm a 15-year-old boy. I have a big family， my parents and my two sisters， one is 11 and the other is 13. I'm from Canada. I speak English and French. I like my country very much. I hear China is a great county. I hope to visit it some day.

Question No. 19. How old is Jack？

Question No. 20. What language does Jack speak？

Question No. 21. Which country does Jack hear and hope to visit it some day？

请听第二篇材料，并回答第22～25小题。

In America， people often go to the bar after a day's work. They go there to have some drinks， watch TV， or have a party to relax themselves. There are several kinds of bars. One is the common bar. People just go there and take a cup of drink and talk with each other. Another is a sports bar. In America， people love sports. Their favorite sports are basketball， football and baseball. People usually go to a sports game with their friends.

Question No. 22.When do American people often go to the bar？

Question No. 23.What do American people go to the bar for？

Question No. 24.Who do they go to the sports game with？

Question No. 25.How many kinds of bars？

Key：11～15 CABCA 16～18 CAC 19～25 CBA CBAB

（三）阅读技能

阅读是指通过读文字材料理解其内容的过程。阅读理解关键在于“理解”二字，只看而不懂就不能称之为阅读。英语作为外语，阅读是我国学生接触英语信息，参加英语实践的重要途径。学生通过大量的阅读活动，吸收语言材料、增加语言知识、积累语言素材、巩固或扩大词汇量、熟悉常见句型等。阅读能力的提高能为听、说、写能力的发展打下良好的基础。学生的语言知识能否得到巩固、语言技能能否得到提高以及英语学习的积极性和兴趣能否得到激发，在很大程度上跟阅读有密切的关系。部分学生受“应试”思想的影响，误认为掌握了语法知识，背过了单词就能取得好成绩。因此，不重视阅读，不进行大量的阅读，即使阅读，也是把文章肢解成零碎的单词、词组、短语及语法。他们总是把生词看成是阅读的拦路虎，把生动有趣、内涵丰富、富有哲理、意义深远的文章看成是字母符号，不懂文章的结构及内容的逻辑关系，不了解文章的整体内容。这样，在平时和考试中很难取得满意的成绩。

阅读能力的重要性在中考试题中也有很好的体现。单纯的阅读理解分值就高达40分，再加上完形填空的10分，可以说阅读理解几乎占了总分的一半。阅读理解测验的目的从考查词句的理解到篇章的理解；从了解事实细节到确定中心思想、进行正确推论、得出合乎逻辑的结论等等。文章的题材和体裁也丰富多样，包括各种记叙文、说明文、议论文等。以2012年河北省中考英语阅读理解试题为例，阅读A篇是以“团队合作精神”为主题的日记体文章；B篇是语言文字丰富、可读性极强的英语国家常见的广告宣传册形式的说明文；C篇是以“培养具有自动阅读习惯的阅读者”为主题的议论文；任务型阅读是一篇主题为“电视发展”的科技文章；完形填空是一篇以“对‘成功’二字的理解”为主题的夹叙夹议体文章。请仔细阅读以下三篇阅读材料（2012河北中考试题）：

A. 日记体，以团队合作精神为主题。（56～60题）

Saturday， June16th

In the morning， we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park. We were happy because it was a sunny day. We were expecting an enjoyable two-day holiday. On the way， we kept singing and making jokes.

However， in the afternoon， when we finished our picnic at one o’clock， it was dark and windy. Soon， there was a shower. Unluckily， none of us brought an umbrella. We ran about but we could find no place to hide.

Twenty minutes passed and it was still raining. There were hours to go before we reached the campsite （野营地）. It was even worse that our small compass （指南针） showed that we went to the wrong way. We had lost our way！

We had to make a quick decision as it was raining heavily. Chris said we could set up a tent to hide in， so Mary and Tom helped to set up the tent. Chris and I tried to make a fire to keep us warm. But we were unable to light the fire， as everything was wet. We dried ourselves， chatted and waited inside the tent. At about five o’clock， it stopped raining. We decided to give up the camping trip because all of us had been very tired.

This camping trip may not be very successful but we know each other better. And the most important thing I’ve learned from this trip is the importance of team spirit.

56. The writer went camping in Green Natural Park ________.

A. for 4 hours B. for 2 days

C. in June D. in the afternoon

57. It was even worse that they ________.

A. had no picnic

B. lost their way

C. couldn’t light the fire

D. couldn’t know each other

58. Chris suggested that they should _______ in the rain.

A. set up a tent B. reach the campsite

C. keep singing D. find a place to hide

59. Which of the following is NOT true？

A. It was sunny in the morning.

B. None of them had an umbrella.

C. They gave up the camping at last.

D. They ran about to dry themselves.

60. The writer has learned the importance of ________ from the trip.

A. making a decision

B. working together

C. enjoying holidays

D. taking a compass

key： C B A D B

B. 说明文，英语国家常见的广告宣传册形式的说明文。（61～65题）

Your school has planned a visit to Lions Nature Education Centre. Here is what you should know about the centre. Please read it.

61. You can visit Lions Nature Education Centre ______.

A. in the city centre

B. at Hiram’s Highway

C. on a government farm

D. inside the exhibition halls

62. In the centre， visitors can learn about ________.

A. rural clothes and shoes

B. different kinds of seafood

C. outdoor lions in nature

D. the environment around us

63. Before your school go to the centre， you should tell them ________.

A. not to visit the Farmers’ Market

B. not to make a noise or wear hats

C. to care for the wildlife and water

D. to look for rubbish and take it away

64. Lions Nature Education Centre is closed ________.

A. at weekends B. after 4：30 pm

C. during weekdays D. before 9：30 am

65. For more information about the centre， you’d better ________.

A. call at 2792 2234 B. ask other visitors

C. study the facilities D. provide the website

Key： B D C D A

C. 议论文，主题：培养具有自动阅读习惯的阅读者。（66～70题）

Reading is the key to school success and， like any skill， it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly， correctly and without thinking. Educators call it “automaticity （自动性）”.

A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice， he stumbles less and less， reading by the phrase （短语）. With automaticity， he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words， so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.

It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools， Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others， but also got better results in exams.

According to Rossman， the key to automaticity is the amount （数量） of time a child spends reading， not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books， magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home.

You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable（适合） for your level. If you read aloud with expression， with a sense of the meaning of the sentences， you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly， one word at a time， without expression or meaning， you need more practice.

66.“Reading is the key to school success” means that reading ________.

A. helps school develop faster

B. is a key to a successful school

C. helps students go to a key school

D. can improve students’ learning results

67. Children with “automaticity” can read faster because they ________.

A. know how to read the words

B. do not have to think while reading

C. read by themselves without any help

D. pay attention to the meaning of the text

68. Rossman tells that any child who _______ will possibly be an automatic reader.

A. turns off TV one night 4 weeks

B. reads books by the word quickly

C. spends an hour reading every day

D. gets the same grades as others in exams

69. The underlined word “stumble” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.

A. 结结巴巴地读 B. 全神贯注地读

C. 心不在焉地读 D. 声情并茂地读

70. The best title for the passage is “________”.

A. IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B. TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading

C. Automaticity Depends on Practice

D. Automatic Readers Will Be Successful

Key： D D C A C

【方法指导】

英语阅读理解能力的提高要讲究方法，方法得当能取得事半功倍的效果。要想真正提高阅读能力，就必须重视课堂阅读教学。只有正确掌握阅读理解的基本步骤，才有可能提高阅读理解的能力。课堂阅读教学要按照读前、读中、读后三个步骤进行。我们要重视课文的题目和插图或照片，重视文章的标题和段落的主题句。在进行阅读专题训练时，重点以阅读理解文章为重点，分析考点的设置及考查的内容。中考阅读理解题一般分为事实判断、细节理解、句意理解、词义猜测、主旨大意和题目归纳。以河北省2012年中考英语试题为例：

第60题：The writer has learned the importance of _______ from the trip.

A. making a decision B. working together

C. enjoying holidays D. taking a compass

本题是主旨分析题，考查学生对文章的整体理解情况和查找、整合信息的能力。A、C、D选项从生活常识和语意上判断都合情合理，但不是文章的主旨，正确选项working together从文中关键词team spirit转化而来，要求学生能够分析、综合有效信息，同时要学会从尾段提炼文章主旨。如：

第65题：For more information about the centre， you’d better ________.

A. call at 2792 2234 B. ask other visitors

C. study the facilities D. provide the website

错误选项C、D均属于信息重组、张冠李戴型干扰项，强干扰项B告诫学生不能超越文本，主观臆断。正确选项来源于文中结尾处的直接信息—电话号码。

第66题：“Reading is the key to school success” means that reading ________.

A. helps school develop faster

B. is a key to a successful school

C. helps students go to a key school

D. can improve students’ learning results

该题干是本篇首句，所有选项围绕本句关键词“key”“school success”设计。要求学生重视文章首句和全文内涵的关系，通读全篇后再分析题意，不能只根据字面意思简单判断。干扰选项“school develop”“successful school”“key school”都不是本文所谈重点，正确选项“improve students’ learning results”，从学生学习角度诠释reading的意义，“学生的发展”才是本文的表述重点。

第69题 The underlined word “stumble” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.

A. 结结巴巴地读 B. 全神贯注地读

C. 心不在焉地读 D. 声情并茂地读

该题为词义猜测题。被猜测的词，一般在该词的前面有暗示，在该词的后面有解释，这是突破此题的关键。

第70题 The best title for the passage is “________”.

A. IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B. TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading

C. Automaticity Depends on Practice

D. Automatic Readers Will Be Successful

该题为题目归纳题。英语文章的题目一般分为两类：一是概括全文内容的题目，另一类是富有深刻哲理的题目，在考试中多数是概括全文的题目。学生在做此类试题时，往往犯“以偏概全”的错误，把某一段或某一部分的内容作为归纳全文题目的依据，这是要极力避免的。

◎任务型阅读

任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言应用能力的考查，是培养学生阅读兴趣的一种很好的题型。它考查的题型多样，可以是判断正误、翻译句子，也可以是改写句子；可以是填写表格，也可以是回答问题。任务型阅读理解不但考查学生阅读理解的能力，还考查学生写的能力，即读写结合。所以在答题的过程中就应特别注意书写规范：单词的首字母是否大写，单词拼写无误，单词的词形、词性，句子的语法准确，时态语态正确，固定搭配正确等等。在翻译句子时尤其要慎重，结合语境，反复斟酌，既然是翻译语句，就一定要按照汉语表达习惯，翻译成地道的汉语句子，而不是按照英语句子的语序罗列汉语字词。

【专项训练】

阅读短文，并按要求完成76～80题。

As the Internet becomes more popular， many older media （媒体） businesses are dying out. But TV seems to be doing OK. In fact， it’s doing better than OK. Though the Internet is popular in the world， television continues to draw more and more people all over the world to many of its programs. Hundreds of millions turn to TV to watch World Cup soccer， Olympic Games and Discoveries.

In many places， increasing numbers of people can watch more TV than before. Ten years ago， only 44% of British homes had satellite or cable TV （卫星或有线电视）. Today， more than 93% do. More importantly， recent studies show that people are spending more time watching TV. Surprisingly， this is even true of young people between the ages of 8 and 18. Today’s television industry has given so many choices. As a result， people can watch more of the things they like 24 hours a day.

The technology behind television has also improved. The big boxes that once filled living rooms are gone. Today’s TV screens are thinner and thinner， yet the pictures are better and better. TVs are also moving from living rooms into kitchens and vehicles.

For years， TVs have also been used as video game players. But now they have been used in a few new ways. Many televisions can connect to the Internet and record programs. They also let people watch two programs at the same time. Today the most modern television has been on the way of development.

The Internet is the main challenge （挑战） for television now. But TV industry has shown that television will be important for years to come.

76题判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）；77题完成句子；78～79题简略回答问题；80题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

76. Studies show that people are spending more time watching TV than before.（ ）

77. Many televisions can _________________the Internet and record programs.

78. Where are TVs moving from living rooms？

_____________________________________________

79. What is the main challenge for television？

_____________________________________________

80.

_____________________________________________

key： 76. T 77. connect to

78. Into kitchens and vehicles. / Kitchens and vehicles. /

TVs / They are moving from living rooms into kitchens and vehicles.

79. The Internet. / The Internet is the main challenge for television.

80.今天/当今最现代化的/最新式的电视已经处于发展进程之中。

《义务教育英语课程标准》已明确规定了初中毕业生要达到的阅读量，要求“除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上”。 这说明课外阅读在阅读教学中有举足轻重的地位。课外阅读虽然是学生自己阅读，但老师应加强指导，不要放任自流。在读物的选择、阅读方法、技巧等方面，老师要做出详尽的指导。学生也可以按照自己的爱好选择合适的读物，但要依照布置、接受检查，在老师的正确指导、督促、检查中，逐步培养良好的阅读习惯，通过复习进一步提高阅读能力。

课外阅读的材料可以是报纸、杂志、网络上学生自己感兴趣的故事、美文、科技文章、广告等，还可以选择历年各地市的中考试题以及《教育实践与研究》编辑部编写的模拟试题等。要求学生每天的阅读量不低于两篇文章。在阅读时，也要按照读前、读后、读中的步骤进行阅读。对于阅读中的生词采取三种措施：

（1）如果生词是人名、地名等专有名词或不影响阅读的生词，可以“跳过”；

（2）对于文中前后有解释或根据文中暗示能猜测的要“猜测”词义；

（3）对于影响阅读又猜不出词义的，记录下来，查词典并把该词记在单词本上，以便经常复习，扩充自己的词汇量。

◎完形填空

完形填空试题主要考查学生综合语言运用的能力：

（1）词语辨析能力；

（2）语篇理解能力；

（3）逻辑推理能力；

（4）文化背景透析能力；

（5）作者意图剖析能力；

（6）生活常识综合运用能力。

完形填空试题的特点是：不以语法为考查内容，选项以实词考查为主，不设词汇与语法障碍，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情境中去。要求学生通过语篇前后意思的提示与暗示，对整体文意进行把握，以做出正确的、符合逻辑的选择。例：2012年河北中考试题：

Ⅵ.阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

What’s your idea about success？ Some people say that beginners have all the luck， while others believe that success

1 only with practice. In fact， I feel both of these statements （陈述） are not true all the time. Each is true in some ways 2

not in others.

For example， I went to a drawing competition many years ago and 3 surprisingly. As a prize， I got a film ticket to see “Titanic”. I was really 4 because it was the first time I had taken part in any competition. Thinking that I might be lucky again， I 5 joining in other art competitions. But the result was that I 6 won again. I accepted the fact that the other people had a 7 artistic ability than I did. Art was not something I was especially interested in and I had never practiced the different art skills. So， the 8 I produced were not of a very high standard.

These experiences taught me a lot. Though I might have been lucky 9 ， I also need to put in hard work. As we know，

10 makes perfect. So I believe success builds on less luck and chance.

1. A. moves B. comes C. returns D. leaves

2. A. or B. so C. and D. but

3. A. won B. began C. failed D. ended

4. A. sorry B. active C. lucky D. nervous

5. A. tried B. forgot C. stopped D. remembered

6. A. often B. ever C. seldom D. never

7. A. greater B. more natural

C. lower D. more common

8. A. results B. films C. prizes D. drawings

9. A. at last B. at most C. at first D. at least

10. A. chance B. practice C. difference D. experience

答案：1.B2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B

3、4题采用后暗示的方法设题，引导学生先整体阅读全文再做选择，也为学生提供了更大的思维空间。

6、7题分别根据前置信息“but”、“I accepted the fact that…”确定答案。

【方法指导】

完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题，它所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，在短文中删去若干词，让学生根据上下文填入适当的词。一般说来，完形填空题的四个选项，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决完形填空试题的关键。所以在做完形填空试题时，一定要快速通读全文，掌握大概意思，把握好表现文章内容的关键词或中心句，然后通过线索和上下文关系填词，接下来再一次浏览短文，重点查看被选项。这样，就会有柳暗花明的感觉。

完形填空的强化训练可以用正、反两种方法：如果我们的阅读理解能力较强，可以带空通读全文，了解文章大意，找中心句，抓住首尾句，联系上下文，进行逻辑推理。如果我们的阅读理解能力较差，可以先把完形填空的文章复原，反复阅读文章，然后逐渐抽空，填补文章，在填补、复原文章的过程中，体会语言的使用方法。

【专项训练】

Ⅰ.请先阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Some time ago， my wife and I traveled to visit my sister. We had taken more clothes than we needed and struggled onto the train.

In front of us， in a face-to-face seat， 16 six young men in their early 20s. They were strong and 17 ， and I disliked them immediately. They were laughing loudly， obviously 18

themselves and they 19 a foreign language.

As we went quickly 20 the countryside， I kept an eye on them as they joked around. Sometimes they took a look in our direction. When two of them go out 21 ， relaxed a little. The rest of them 22 to laugh and joke in their own language.

When we finally arrived at our 23 ，only one of them was left on the train. He was obviously 24 too and as I struggled towards him with my heavy luggage（行李）， he reached out and asked in English “Want a hand with that， mate？”

He 25 the heavier bag up the station steps for us. We were pleasantly surprised and very grateful.

16. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. lived

17. A. polite B. quiet C. lazy D. noisy

18. A. helping B. enjoying C. teaching D. devoting

19. A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked

20. A. above B. onto C. over D. through

21. A. off B. up C. along D. on

22. A. wanted B. started C. stopped D. continued

23. A. house B. hotel C. station D. shelter

24. A. bored B. worried C. excited D. frightened

25. A. carried B. left C. brought D. bought

答案：16.A 17.D 18.B 19.B 20. D21. A 22.D 23. C 24. C 25. A

Ⅱ. 请先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。

I like all kinds of chocolate， especially bitter chocolate. So when Mother had bought one， I couldn't help thinking about

16 .

I was helping Father in the yard when suddenly I got an idea. I could cut a piece 17 that chocolate without anyone knowing it.

I waited 18 Mother went outside feeding the chickens. Then I told Father I wanted to go for a drink of water. I went into the room and got the 19 down. Just when I had the knife ready to cut， I heard Mother coming. So I had to put the chocolate

20 into my shirt， went to my mom and 21 the chocolate there. And then I went back to 22 Father.

All the rest of the afternoon， I didn't dare to look at Father. Every time he spoke， it made me jump. My hands began shaking and my heart started 23 fast. I didn't want the chocolate any more. I 24 wanted to get a chance to put it back.

Have you ever had a similar 25 ？

16. A. him B. her C. it D. this

17. A. off B. into C. on D. along

18. A. while B. after C. since D. until

19. A. water B. chocolate C. chicken D. shirt

20. A. silently B. easily C. slowly D. quickly

21. A. hid B. ate C. held D. returned

22. A. tell B. help C. find D. call

23. A. falling B. breaking C. beating D. jumping

24. A. still B. hardly C. just D. never

25. A. experience B. excuse C. mistake D. moment

答案：16.C 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.A

（四）写的技能

书面表达是中考的重要题型，是测试学生的语言交际能力和语言知识活用能力的一项综合性试题。在听、说、读、写能力中，写作能力是英语综合能力的体现，它要求对单词的拼写、语法结构、遣词造句以及布局谋篇等都必须具备一定的基本功。

连词成句部分主要考查学生对句子结构、句子时态等方面初步的书面表达能力。连词成句是连句成篇的基础，单句表达的准确无误是书面表达极为关键的一环，所以，在复习时，一定要坚实地打好写作基础。

做连词成句试题时，首先，要观察所给标点符号，确定要写的句子的类型。其次，根据词法知识排列各词前后位置，再根据句法知识，补全时态结构。最后，检查句子的首字母是否大写，是否少抄词、抄错词等。如下面的5个小题：

1. better， are， feeling， you

______________________________________________？

2. people， are， what， they， kind

______________________________________________！

3. does， which， in， live， building， Jenny

______________________________________________？

4. cost， the money， didn’t， dictionary， much， me

______________________________________________.

5. lend， Sam， MP5， to， I， yesterday， my

______________________________________________.

答案：

1. Are you feeling better？

2. What kind people they are！

3. Which building does Jenny live in？ /In which building does Jenny live？

4. The dictionary didn’t cost me much money.

5. I lent my MP5 to Sam yesterday. /Yesterday I lent my MP5 to Sam.

【方法指导】

书面表达要求学生能根据所给提示或要求，用英语写一篇语言正确、内容完整、语句连贯的短文。写作话题主要来自《初中毕业生升学文化课考试说明》中的话题项目表，写作内容一般贴近学生的学习和生活；提供情景的形式包括文字、图画、图表、提纲等；单词词数控制在60～80个之间。很明显，这样的书面表达是“有指导的写作”，它通过提供情景、文字、图画、表格等，让学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或表达一定思想。它主要考查学生的英语基础知识水平和综合运用英语进行书面表达的能力。

书面表达的复习可以分为两个步骤：第一阶段，仿写，即模仿范例进行写作。它是一种最基本而且十分有效的写作训练形式，模仿范例能直接提高学生布局谋篇和衔接上下文的能力。模仿写作最主要的就是模仿思路。学生完成写作后，互评互改、讨论交流，然后根据讨论、交流的意见重写，最后，交给老师批阅。以2012年河北省中考英语试题为例：

书面表达

假如你叫李华，请你就“英语老师用英语还是用英汉双语教学”这一问题，根据下面的提示和要求，给你的老师Miss Li写一封信，谈一谈你的看法。

提示：（1） What's your idea？

（2） Why do you think so？

（3） What is your advice？

要求：（1） 信须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。

（2） 信中不要涉及真实的人名和校名。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

（3） 词数：60～80。

Dear Miss Li，

I think you'd better use

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hopefully you can think about it.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

答案：

Dear Miss Li，

I think you’d better use English in class. When you speak English， we'll have a good chance to improve our listening skills. It is also helpful for our reading， speaking and writing. We can copy what you say all the time. The more chances we have， the more progress we will make！ So I hope you can teach in English. But please use simple English as much as possible and speak clearly and slowly. This way， we can learn English better and better.

Hopefully you can think about it.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

Dear Miss Li，

I think you'd better use both English and Chinese. The best way to learn English is to use it. When you teach in English， it's good for our listening. At the same time it is helpful to improve our speaking， reading and writing. However， if you only use English， we can't follow you sometimes， especially when you explain grammar rules and language points. So my advice is“Use English when possible and use Chinese when necessary”. This way， we can learn English better.

Hopefully you can think about it.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

实践活动：

看了以上范例之后，学生自行分析题目、提示和要求，阅读范例，之后，自己起草写作，然后互评互改，最后交老师评改。

第二阶段，创造写作，即在没有范例参考下的写作。一般分以下几个步骤：1）审题并进行“头脑风暴”，确立写作内容；2）列出写作提纲；3）打草稿；4）修改。5）抄写。仍然以2012年河北省中考英语试题为例：

首先，确立写作主题“英语老师用英语教学”；

第二，进行头脑风暴，搜索“英语老师用英语教学”的原因；

第三，列提纲，打草稿；

提纲：

* have more chances to improve our listening skills

* good for our listening skills

* helpful for our reading， speaking and writing.

草稿：

I think you'd better use English in class. We'll have a good chance to improve our listening skills. It is helpful for our reading， speaking and writing. We can copy what you say. So I hope you can teach in English. This way， we can learn English better and better.

第四，修改，润色。

【专项训练】

Ⅰ.将所给单词连成完整、正确的句子。（单词不得重复使用，标点已给出）

86. with， you， agree， do， me

_____________________________________________？

87. cake， made， who， nice， this

_____________________________________________？

88. late， never， for， be， school

_____________________________________________！

89. draw， not， the， me， she， to， wall， asked， on

_____________________________________________.

90. when， was， news， surprised， he， the， heard， Jack

_____________________________________________.

Key：

86. Do you agree with me？

87. Who made this nice cake？

88. Never be late for school！

89. She asked me not to draw on the wall.

90. Jack was surprised when he heard the news

2. 假如你看到或听到下面这则消息，请以李华的名义，给你的英国笔友Davy发一封电子邮件，告诉他这个感人的故事及你的感受。

提示：（1） Tell him the true story.

（2） Talk about how you feel about it.

（3） Say something about what you can learn from it.

要求：（1）文稿须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。

（2）电子邮件的开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数。

（3）词数：60～80个。

参考词汇：

money order （汇款单）， go on， be moved（感动）， be full of love

Hi Davy，

I’d like to tell you a true story. Li Baoyuan. a student of Hebei Agricultural University came from a poor family. Unluckily， he

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Li Hua

参考答案：

Hi Davy，

I’d like to tell you a true story. Li Baoyuan， a student of Hebei Agricultural University came from a poor family. Unluckily， he became ill and died in 1996. However， all his 26 classmates decided to help Baoyuan’s parents. In the past fifteen years， they’ve sent 15 money orders and 56 letters to his parents. And their true love is still going on...I’m really moved. As a student， I should learn from them and try to help others. If everyone would like to do that， the whole world will be full of love！

What do you think of it？

Please write soon！

Li Hua

3.回想三年的英语学习历程，丰富多彩的英语课堂活动一定给你留下 了许多难忘的印象。请你以“What should we do in English class？”为题 写一篇英语短文，谈谈在英语课堂上学生应该怎样做，才能使英语学习更有效。

提示：

（1）Listen to the teacher.

（2）Take part in activities.

（3）Be confident in ourselves.

要求：

（1）文稿须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。

（2）文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

（3）词数：60～80 个。

参考词汇：

take notes， work in groups with…， not be afraid of …

What should we do in English class？

In English class， we should

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

In English class， we should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes when necessary. Try to answer question in English.

We should take part in all kinds of activities， like reading， writing， have discussions and laying games. We need to work in groups with our classmates to help each other and learn from each other.

It’s very important to be confident. Speak English loudly in front of the class and never be afraid of making mistakes. In this way we can make much progress.

（五）语言知识综合运用

在中考中，对语言知识综合运用的考查主要放在单项选择和词汇试题中。词语运用主要考查学生在特定的语言环境中对词汇、表达法的灵活运用能力。中考对词汇的考查一般有以下几种形式：

1.根据句意及所给汉语提示，补全单词或用单词、固定短语、固定搭配的正确形式填空。

2.根据短文内容及所给提示，补全文中单词或用单词、固定短语、固定搭配的正确形式填空。

3.根据句意，用所给单词、短语的适当形式填空，每词或短语只限使用一次。

4.根据短文内容，用所给单词的正确形式填空。

5.根据短文内容，用所给单词、短语的适当形式填空，每词或短语只限使用一次。

以2012年河北省中考英语试题为例：

Ⅹ.词语运用（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）

根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。（每词或短语只限使用一次）

four pride festival encourage go swimming

81. Jack got the __________ place in the 100-meter race.

82. Nancy often ___________ with her friends in summer.

83. The father was ________ of his son’s efforts at school.

84. Students are ______to share their thoughts by teachers.

85. Many schools hold several________ of music or sports every year.

答案：81. fourth 82. goes swimming 83. proud

84. encouraged 85. festivals

仔细观察五个小题，都给出了所考查的单词的一种形式，即使把所给词汇放在了合适的位置也不会得分，因为没有一道题不是改变词形的。

词语运用试题考查重点在于所考词汇在具体语言环境中的选择与词形变化。所以，在复习过程中，不要拿着考试词汇表背单词，要在具体的句子中判断应该使用哪个词、使用词的哪种形式，做到词不离句，句不离篇。

单项选择题主要考查学生对英语语言知识和简单表达形式等的掌握情况。而试题对知识的考查是在具体的语境中进行的，不是单纯地考查知识点和机械记忆。

以2012年河北省中考英语试题为例：

38. The clothing store ________ a sale. The clothes there are very cheap.

A. has B. had C. is having D. was having

40. Miss Zhang， the most beautiful teacher， ________ many flowers and letters these days.

A. received B. will receive

C. was receiving D. has received

41. Your sweater looks smart. Where ______________ you ________ it？

A. do； get B. did； get C. will； get D. have； got

43. —Where were you this morning？

—I ________ in the supermarket.

A. will shop B. am shopping

C. was shopping D. have shopped

44. More money _______ when we use both sides of paper.

A. will save B. was saved

C. has saved D. will be saved

答案： 38. C 40. D 41. B 43. C 44. D

这几个题都是动词时态的考查，38题考查现在进行时态，40考查现在完成时态，41考查一般过去时态，43考查过去进行时态，44考查一般将来时态的被动语态。试题都没有出现各个时态明显的时间状语，完全是通过上下文的语境体现的。如果我们脱离语境，机械地使用语法知识，将无从下手解决问题。再如名词的考查（30题），形容词比较等级的考查（31题），形容词的考查（33题），无一不是通过具体语境进行的。

30. I’d like a ________ for dessert. Fruit， you know， is good for health.

A. potato B. banana C. candy D. pie

31. You are doing great！ I’ve never had _______ answer before.

A. better B. best C. a better D. the best

33. Martha is a ________ girl. She always smiles and says hello to others.

A. shy B. friendly C. crazy D. healthy

答案： 30. B 31. C33. B

【方法指导】

在中考中，语言知识的考查内容比较多。从历年实际考试的情况来看，动词或与动词相关题目的考查，占相当的比重。因为动词的变化多，而且是句子的核心部分，所以我们在进行单项或知识点复习时，务必把动词和与动词相关的部分作为复习的重点。

首先是动词的时态和语态，不仅要把常见的基本概念搞清楚，而且要在语言实践活动中有效运用。这样才能在实际应用中少出错或不出错。语言知识的复习要以知识的网络化、系统化和整体化为前提，复习不是一个简单的重复记忆、盲目做题、背诵语法规则的过程，而是对语言知识归纳总结、综合运用的过程。因此，我们要将老师上课所复习的内容进行归类梳理，使其条理化、系统化，并在具体的语境中加以运用。例如：复习cost一词时，我们不仅从知识层面上知道它的意思、它的过去式、过去分词的词形，还要知道使用这一词的语境。复习动词时态时，不仅能在有明显的时间状语的句子中用相应的时态，还能在具体的语言环境中选用合适的时态。

语言知识是综合语言运用能力的有机组成部分，语言知识的学习是语言学习的重要组成部分，但是，不能脱离语境，为了学习知识而学知识。英语是“读”会的，不是“做”会的。有的同学在复习过程中，只重视语法复习，认为英语成绩不高是不懂语法，因此只做语法选择题，做了一页又一页，写了一本又一本，看似做了大量的练习，但效果不好。事实证明，语法条框背得非常熟练，不等于会运用，把语言知识与语言实践割裂开，就会出现会“知识”而不会“运用”，也不知道在什么地方使用的情况。如名词变复数的规则谁都会背诵，但并不是每位同学都会正确地运用名词复数。中考英语试题对语言知识的考查重在语境、重在运用。因此，我们要把近几年中考真题作为我们强化训练的重要材料，从不同的角度进行知识熟悉，更要梳理知识使用的情境，在复习中体会语境，在体会中把握语境。

所以，在语言知识复习的时候，要坚持“实践性”原则，语言知识的复习要立足于语言实践活动，在听、说、读、写活动中，通过有意义的句子或篇章，掌握词汇、语法等语言知识，提高语言运用技能。只要我们坚持不断地用科学的方法训练，就会做到“做一题，学一法，会一类，通一片”，彻底从题海中逃脱出来，取得优异的成绩。

【专项训练】

Ⅰ. 单项选择。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. She learned to play ____ piano all by herself.

A. a B. an C. the D.不填

2. George reads the newspaper every morning. That’s ______ habit.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

3. There___ lots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

4. This school is different _________ others. It has many out-of-class activities.

A. off B. from C. of D. for

5. Cici enjoys dancing. It’s one of her _________.

A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies

6. We’d better wait ______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon.

A. a few B. few C. a little D. little

7. Whenever you have a chance _________ English， you should take it.

A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks

8. Tony is a quiet student， ______ he is active in class.

A. so B. and C. but D. or

9. Of all the subjects， chemistry seems to be _____ for me.

A. difficult B. too difficult

C. more difficult D. the most difficult

10. Would you please ______ my baby brother while I'm cooking？

A. take out of B. take care of

C. take part in D. take away from

11. You ______ eat the soup if you don't like it.

A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

12. This sentence ______ right. Please write it down.

A. feels B. sounds C. tastes D. smells

13. My sister wants a new dress. She _____ it to the party，

A. wears B. has worn

C. wore D. is going to wear

14. Look at the photo of the Smiths. _____ happy they are！

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

15. I didn’t hear you because I the news on the radio.

A. listen to B. am listening to

C. listened to D. was listening to

16. They will lose the game_________ they try their best，

A. unless B. once C. since D. after

17. I _________ my homework， I guess I can’t join you.

A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish

C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish

18. The teachers ________ came for a visit are foreigners.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

19. The Spring Festival ________ in January or February.

A. celebrates B. is celebrated

C. celebrated D. was celebrated

20. Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder _______________.

A. when she will come back

B. when she came back

C. when will she come back

D. when did she come back

答案：1～5 CCDBD 6～10 ABCDB

11～15 CBDAD 16～20 ACABA

Ⅱ. 根据句意及所给提示，补全单词或用单词、固定短语、固定搭配的正确形式填空。

1. Betty is a good friend of m_____. We often help each other.

2. They have invited a_____（science） to give them a speech on space.

3. Mrs. Chan told us to write as_____（care） as we could.

4. We Chinese sometimes_______（借）words from English when talking.

5. Victor____（敲）the door before he walked into the room.

答案：1. mine 2. scientist 3. carefully 4. borrow/take/get 5. （had）knocked at/on

Ⅲ. 根据句意，用所给单词、短语的适当形式填空，每词或短语只限使用一次。

she easy tomato important do one's homework

1. Rose went to the seaside and enjoyed _____ the day before yesterday.

2. My sister studies hard， she often finishes her homework _________.

4. I like lots of vegetables， such as cabbages， carrots and __________.

5. Many Chinese students have come to realize the _________ of learning English.

5. We usually spend two hours _________ after supper.

答案： 1. herself 2. easily 3.tomatoes 4.importance 5. doing our homework

Ⅳ. 根据短文内容，用所给单词、短语的正确形式填空，每词或短语只限使用一次。

habit result talk to get over sorry mad

I’d like to tell you a story about my best friend Jane. Last week in school we had a big fight， and she didn’t 1 me. It all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework. I asked her why she wanted to do that， and she said that she had forgotten to do hers. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework. She wanted to know why I didn’t think it was a good idea. I said it would start a bad 2 and she should do her own work. She got really 3 at me and said she didn’t want to be my best friend anymore. I said that was OK and that I was sure she would 4 it. And she did. Yesterday she told me she was 5 . She said it was much better if she did her own work.

答案：1. talk to 2. habit 3. mad 4. get over 5. sorry

Ⅴ. 根据短文内容，用所给单词的正确形式填空。

Mr. Hall takes his students to the zoo every year. This is the 1 （three） time for them to come here. It was very hot， but they all had a pleasant day out. Some students loved the monkeys. The monkeys 2 （jump） up and down the trees. How funny they were！ The trip was also for study. It was one of their art 3 （lesson）. “It’s good for the students to get out of 4 （they） classroom to learn drawing.” Mr. Hall said. “They feel 5 （exciting） to see all kinds of animals. Many of them do their best work on the trip.”

答案：1. third 2. jumped 3. lessons 4. their 5. excited

Ⅵ. 根据句意及所给提示，补全单词或用单词、固定短语、固定搭配的正确形式填空。

81. What are you going to do in your two ____________（month） holiday.

82. My dog is ________________ （lie） on the sofa now.

83. The UK is a W________________ country.

84. He turned his back on me and I knew he __________ （对……生气） me.

85. I'll go to Shanghai __________（而不是，代替）Beijing.

Key： 81. months' 82. lying 83. Western 84. was angry with/was mad at 85. instead of听力部分（第一节）

（综合训练待续）