2012年高考英语过去分词考查热点揭秘及讲练

2012-12-31 00:00:00林志鹏
考试周刊 2012年43期


  英语动词的过去分词是历年高考英语所考查的重点之一。2012年全国高考英语试题的单选题中,就有7道题对这一知识点进行考查,主要考查形式是运用所给动词的正确形式填空。过去分词主要的用法是:相当于形容词和副词的作用,在句子中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。本文以2012年全国各省市高考真题为例,由此归纳和总结过去分词的用法及其考查热点,希望对广大学生有所启发。
  一、过去分词作定语
  过去分词作定语时,特别是过去分词短语,通常放在被修饰词之后,和被修饰的名词或代词形成动宾关系,过去分词在语境中所表示的动作具有以下两种情况:表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前而且与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上为被动关系。
  [真题再现]
  1.[山东]35.After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope____________.
  A.providing B.provided
  C.having providedD.provide
  解析:句意为:“填完表格和签名后,请把它放进刚才所给的信封里并上交给我们。”Provide和envelope存在被动关系,provide表示的动作也已完成,故选B。
  2.[浙江]11.“It’s such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table_____for customers.
  A.to be reserved B.having reserved
  C.reserving D.reserved
  解析:句意为:“正当母亲坐在为顾客预订好的桌旁时,她说:‘这是个好地方。’”The table是提前被预订的,故用过去分词作定语,正确答案为D,相当于which was reserved.
  二、过去分词作宾语补足语
  过去分词和它前面的逻辑主语一起构成复合宾语,表示一个被动或完成的动作。过去分词作宾语补足语考查的重点是感官动词或使役动词和with后所接的复合宾语。解题时,应注意从逻辑上抓住宾语与宾补之间的关系,即被动关系。
  [真题再现]
  [四川]12.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car_____.
  A.washedB.washC.washingD.to wash
  解析:句意为:“在你开车进城前,你得先洗车。”该题考查是get后接复合宾语结构,作宾语补足语的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语your car在逻辑上是被动关系,因此应选择表示被动意义的过去分词作宾补,故正确的答案应为A。
  三、过去分词作状语
  过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时,表示被动和完成,解题时应把“找出分词逻辑主语及逻辑主语与分词之间的关系”视为重点。如果两者之间的关系为被动关系,逻辑主语就是分词动作的承受者,便可选用过去分词。过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句,在句子中可以表示原因、条件、时间、伴随、让步、方式、结果等,过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致,有时过去分词前还加上连词if,unless,when,while,though等。
  [真题再现]
  1.[安徽]30.When_____for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
  A.askingB.asked C.having askedD.to be asked
  解析:句意为:“当询问到有关对自己教学工作的看法时,菲利普说他已发现它是很有趣而且很有价值。”考查“连词+分词”的省略结构。分词常常可以有一些连词,如if,unless,when,while,though,no matter how,until,since等之后,这种考查可以把它视为“在状语从句中,如果主从句的主语一致时,从句的主语和be动词可以省略”的形式。因此,把此题补充完整后的句子为“When he was asked for his views about his teaching job,...”,故选B。
  类似的题目如下:
  2.[全国]32.Film has a much shorter history,especially when_____such art forms as music and painting.
  A.having compared toB.comparing to
  C.compare to D.compared to
  解析:以上的例子也是考查“连词+分词”的省略结构。句意为:“电影的历史更短,特别当它与音乐和绘画这些艺术相比时。”本题可视为“...specially when it was compared to such art forms as music and painting.”故正确答案为D。
  3.[湖南]23.Time,_____correctly,is money in the bank.
  A.to useB.usedC.usingD.use
  解析:此处考查是过去分词作状语,句意为:“时间,如能正确地使用的话,便是银行里的金钱。”其中逻辑主语time是句子的主语。动词use与逻辑主语time是逻辑上的被动关系,故选B。
  4.[北京]27._____with care,one tin will last for six weeks.
  A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.To use
  解析:此处也是在考查过去分词作状语,在句子中表示条件状语,相当于条件状语从句If it is used with care.句意为:如果能细心使用,一听能持续六个星期。逻辑主语one tin是句子的主语。动词use与逻辑主语one tin在逻辑上是被动关系,故选C。
  本文探讨了2012年高考英语中过去分词的几种语言现象,在平时学习中还要注意积累和总结,分析历年高考英语考试中常考题型和知识点,只有正确掌握考试大纲所要求的知识点和分析所考查题型的命题特点,才能做到在答题时应对自如。
  巩固练习:
  1(2011全国卷II)15.The island,_____to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.
  A.joiningB.to joinC.joinedD.having joined
  2(2011上海卷)32.The rare fish,_____from the cooking pot,has been returned to the sea.
  A.savedB.savingC.to be savedD.having saved
  3(2011福建卷)23.Tsinghua University,_____in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
  A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.to be founded
  4(2011四川卷)16._____an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.
  A.OfferB.OfferingC.offeredD.To offer
  5(2011天津卷)12._____into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
  A.Translating?摇?摇 ?摇?摇B.Translated
  C.To translate D.Having translated
  6(2011陕西卷)14.Claire had luggage____________ an hour before her plane left.
  A.checkB.checkingC.to checkD.checked
  7(2011重庆卷)33.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_____of his own dreams.
  A.remindingB.to remindC.remindedD.remind
  8(2011安徽卷)30.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier____________ into small pieces.
  A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.to break
  9(2011浙江卷)14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves____________ for words.
  A.loseB.lostC.to loseD.having lost
  10(2011湖南卷)23.The players_____from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
  A.selectingB.to select C selectedD.having selected
  11.(2010全国I 27).Mrs. White showed her student some old maps____________ from the library.
  A.to borrowB.to be borrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
  12(2010全国卷II 11).Though_____to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.
  A.surprise B.was surprised
  C.surprised D.being surprised
  13(2010北京卷25).I’m calling to enquire about the position____________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
  A.advertised B.to be advertised
  C.advertising D.having advertised
  14(2010福建卷34).In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained____________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
  A.stickingB.stuckC.to be stuckD.to have stuck
  15(2010湖南卷30).So far nobody has claimed the money____________ in the library.
  A.discovered B.to be discovered
  C.discovering D.having discovered
  16(2010上海卷33).Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_____with her stories.
  A.amusedB.amusingC.to amuseD.to be amused
  17(2010辽宁卷35).Alexander tried to get his work____________in the medical circles.
  A.to recognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized
  18(2010浙江卷8).The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if____________ regularly,can improve our health.
  A.being carried out B.carrying out
  C.carried out D.to carry out
  19(2010山东卷29).The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already_____for a meal to be cooked.
  A.laidB.layingC.to layD.being laid
  20(2010陕西卷16)._____from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
  A.SeenB.SeeingC.Have seenD.To see
  21(2010四川卷4)A great number of students _____said they were forced to practise the piano.
  A.to question B.to be questioned
  C.questioned D.questioning
  Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.A 21