院士风采

吴仲华

1917.07.27～1992.09.19

工程热物理学家。原籍江苏苏州，。生于上海市。1940年毕业于西南联合大学。1947年在美国麻省理工学院获博士学位。中国科学院工程热物理研究所研究眼、所长、名誉所长。50年代初发表的“轴流、径流和混流式亚声速与超声速叶轮机械中三元流动的普通理论”论文，在国际上被称为“吴氏通用理论”，其主要方程被称为“吴氏方程”。60年代，提出了使用任意非正交速度分量的叶轮机械三元流动基本方程组。“吴氏通用理论”在国际上已被广泛地应用于先进的航空发动机的设计中。他领导研究发展了整套亚、跨、超声速计算机方法与计算机程序，已在国内广泛应用。为提高我国能源利用水平做出了重大贡献。

1957年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Engineering thermal physicist. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Southwest Associated University. Received Ph.D. from MIT,USA in 1947. Research professor, director and honorary director,Institute of Engineering Thermalphysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the early 1950s, Wu published his theme “ Universal Theory of Three-Element Flow in Axial-,Radial- and Mixed-flow Subsonic and Supersonic Blade Turbine Macninery” which was designated as “Wu’s universal theory ”, and the main equation of which was designated as “Wu equation ”. In the 1960sm he presented the basic equations using arbitrary non-norma speed components of the three-element flow in the blade turbine machinery. “Wu’s universal theory” has been widely used in the design of advanced aeronautical engines internationally. Under his leadership, a complete set of sub-, trans- and super- sonic speed computer methods and computer programs were developed and widely used. He made significant contributions to the improvement of utilization of China’s energy resources.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

汪菊潜

1906.12.29～1975.02.27

铁路桥梁工程专家。上海市人。早年唐山交通大学毕业后，报送去美国康奈尔大学学习，获硕士学位。铁道部副部长、总工程师、研究员。在负责修复被严重破坏的钱塘江大桥工作中，应用了结构力学原理，采用套箱加固基础，用少数排架顶换修补钢梁等方法，使被严重破坏和变形的钢梁恢复原状，保证了修复质量。1958年，在参加指挥抢修被洪水冲毁的黄河铁路大桥时，改变临时结构，确定抢修方案，为大桥提前修复通车做出了贡献。在主持武汉长江大桥全面技术工作时，同苏联专家在解决重大问题时密切合作，使大桥胜利提前建成。在主持新线铁路建设工作中，大力提倡机械化和小型机械化相结合的施工方法，做出了显著成就。

1957年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Railway bridge engineering expert. Born in Shanghai.Graduated from Tangshan Jiaotong University. Received MS from Cornell University USA. Vice Minister, chief engineer and research professor, Ministry of Railways.

When taking charge of the reconstruction of the seriously damaged Qiantang River Bridge, Wang applied the principles of structural mechanics to consolidate the foundations with jacketed box and replaced steel beams with frame bents, made the deformed steel beams resumed to their original states and ensured the quality of the repayment. He led the rush repair work of the Yellow River Railway Bridge burst by flood in 1958 and made possible the open of traffic ahead of schedule. He also cooperated closely with the Soviet experts in solving major problems when directing the overall technical work of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge construction and made the Bridge construction a success.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

王元

1930.04.30～

数学家。原籍江苏镇江，生于浙江兰溪。1952年毕业于浙江大学。中国科学院数学研究所研究员。主要从事解析数论研究。50年代至60年代初，首先在中国将筛法用于哥德巴赫猜想研究，并证明了命题{3,4}，1957年又证明了{2,3}，这是中国学者首次在此研究领域跃居世界领先地位，其成果为国内外有关文献频繁引用。与华罗庚合作，于1973年证明了用分圆域的独立单位系构造高维单位立方体的一致分布点贯的一般定理，被国际学术界成为“华—王方法”。70年代后期对数论在近似分析中的应用做了系统总结，产生了广泛的国际影响。80年代在堆垒数论方面，将施密特定理推广到任何代数数域，即在丢潘图不等式组等方面做出先进的工作。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Lanxi, Zhejiang province. Graduated from Zhejiang University in 1952. Research professor, Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the 1950s and early 1960s, Wang employed for the first time in China the sieve method in the study of the Goldbach Conjecture and proved the proposition {3,4}, and later proved the proposition了{2,3}, in 1957. These results showed that Chinese scholars for the first time leapt to the world leading position in this field and were frequently quoted in corresponding literature both at home and abroad. Collaborated with Professor Hua Luogeng,he proved a general theorem on uniform distribution of highdimensional unit cube constructed with the independent set of units in cyclotomic field, which was acknowledged as “Hua- Wang Method” by the international academic circles. In the late 1970sm he systematically reviewed the application of number theory to approximate analysis and won international respect. In the 1980s,he succeeded in the generalization of the Schmidt Theorem on Diophantine inequalities of many variables to arbitrary algebraic number field.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

于敏

1926.08.16～

理论物理学家。河北宁河人。1949年毕业于北京大学。中国工程物理研究院研究院。在原子核的相干结构、原子核平均场的独立粒子运动等方面和中子物理、统计物理、等离子体物理、爆轰物理和辐射流体力学方面取得了多项重要研究成果，解决了一系列核武器物理中基础的问题。在核工业战线进行了多项开创性研究；在氢弹突破中起了关键作用；相当长时期领导核武器理论研究和物理设计，对中国核武器突破与发展做出了重大贡献；在核武器长远目标选择、技术途径确定、技术关键分解等方面发挥了重要作用。曾获国家科技进步奖特等奖三次、自然科学奖一等奖一次。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Theoretical physicist. Born in Ninghe, Hebei Province.Graduated from Peking University in 1949.Research professor,Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics.

Yu focuses his studies on the coherent structure of atomic nucleus and the independent particle movement in nuclear mean field as well as in neutron physics, statistical physics, plasma physics, detonation physics and radioactive hydrodynamics. He has made many important achievements which led to the solution of a series of fundamental problems in nuclear weapon physics.He carried out a lot of pioneering research projects for the nuclear industry and played a crucial role in hydrogen bomb invention.For a long time, he was in charge of the theoretical study and physical design of nuclear weapons and made great contributions to the development of Chinese nuclear weaponry. He also played an important role in the determination of long-term goals and technical approaches for the nuclear weapon development. He won 3 special prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award and a first prize of the National Natural Science Award.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.