院士风采

王承书

1912.06.26 ～1994.06.18

物理学家。女。原籍湖北武昌，生于上海。1934年毕业于燕京大学。1944年获美国密执安州立大学物理学博士学位。中国核工业总公司研究员。主要从事受控聚变反应、等离子体物理、同位素分离等方面的研究。在中国开创了受控热核聚变反应和等离子体物理等领域的研究并为其发展打下来坚实基础。开拓并领导了中国铀同位素分离的研究，在有关理论及实际应用方面做出重要成果。在担任总设计师的中国第一台大型浓缩铀扩散机的设计制造过程中，既负责全面领导，又亲自参加参数选择等工作，并获得良好成功。在领导气体离心法与激光分离铀同位素的研究方面进行了卓有成效的工作。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist.Female.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from Yenching University in 1934.Received Ph.D.in physics from Michigan State University.USA in 1944.Research professor.China National Nuclear Corporation.

Wang was mainly engaged in the research on controlled fusion reactions, plasma physics and isotope separation.She was the first in China to carry out studies in controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma pjhysics and laid a solid foundation for the development of related investigations.She established and guided the uranium isotope separation studies in China and made important achievements in theoretical investigation and practical application.During her term as the chief designer of China’s first large-scaled enriched uranium diffuser, she was responsible for the overall organization and personally took part in the concrete work such as parameter selection, obtaining excellent successes.She also conducted fruitful work in guiding the studies on the gas centrifugal method and laser separation techniques for uranium isotope separation.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

王绶琯

1923.01.15 ～

天文学家。福建福州人。1943年毕业于马尾海军学校。1945年赴英国留学。1950年改攻天文并被聘入伦敦大学天文台进行研究工作。中国科学院北京天文台研究员、台长、名誉台长，中国天文学会名誉理事长。开创了中国的射电天文学观测研究领域并进行了卓有成效的推进，且是中国现代天体物理学的主要奠基者之一。在主持提高中国时号精确度、开拓并推动天体测量学发展、负责北京天文台及其射电天文研究的创建于发展等方面做出了重要贡献。负责成功地研制出多种重要的射电天文设备并取得多项创见性研究成果。在领导和管理中国天文工作中发挥了主导作用。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Astronomer.Born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province.Graduated from Mawei Naval Academy in 1943.Went to UK to study in 1945 majoring in astronomy and was employed by the London University of Observatory to do research in 1950.Research professor,director and honorary director, Beijing Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and honorary president, Chinese Astronomical Society.

Wang not only opened the field of Chinese radio astronomical observation and research and promoted it fruitfully, but also was one of the main founders of Chinese modern astrophysics.He managed to improve the accuracy of time signal and promoted the development of astrometry in China.He was responsible for the establishment and development of Beijing Astronomical Observatory and the research on radio astronomy and made important contributions.He was also responsible for the establishment of various kinds of important radio astronomical devices and obtained a number of original results.He played a versatile leading role in directing and managing Chinese astronomical work.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

邓稼先

1924.06.25 ～1986.07.29

物理学家。安徽怀宁人。1945年毕业于西南联合大学。1950年获美国普渡大学物理学博士学位。核工业部第九研究设计院研究员、院长、核工业部科技委员会副主任、国防科工委科技委员会副主任。1958年以来组织领导开展了爆轰物理、流体力学、状态方程、中子输运等基础理论研究，对原子弹的物理过程进行了大量模拟计算和分析，从而迈开了中国独立研究设计核武器的第一步。领导完成了中国第一颗原子弹的理论方案并参与指导核试验前的爆轰模拟实验。组织领导了氢弹设计原理、选定技术途径的研究，组织领导并亲自参与了1967年中国第一颗氢弹的研制与试验工作。70年代初以来，在组织领导与规划中国新的核武器工作方面付出了艰辛的劳动。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist.Born in Huaining, Anhui Province.Graduated from Southwest Associated University in 1945.Received Ph.D.in physics from Purdue University, USA in 1950.Research professor and president, the 9th Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and vice chairman, Committee of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and Committee of Science and Technology of the State Commission of Science.Technology and Industry for National Defense.

Deng had organized and led the research programs of essential theories of detonic physics, fluid mechanics, state equations and neutron transport since 1958 and carried out enormous simulation computations and analyses about the physics process of the atomic bomb, making the first step of China’s indigenous study and design of nuclear weapons.The theoretical concepts for China’s first atomic bomb were worked out under his guidance.He also jointly directed the detonation simulation experiments prior to the nuclear explosion test.He was in charge of the research on the designing principles and technical approaches and organized,directed and participated in the development of China’s first hydrogen bomb which was successfully exploded in 1967 and the test work.Since the early 1970s, he had put in a lot of hard work in organizing, directing and formulating the progress of Chinese nuclear weapons.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

叶叔华

1927.06.21 ～

天文学家。女。原籍广东顺德，生于广州。1949年毕业于广州中山大学。中国科学院上海天文台研究员、台长。主要从事综合世界时的精确测定和地球自转等方面的观测研究。50年代至70年代建立并发展了中国的综合世界时工作，在各天文单位的合作下，使中国的综合世界时系统精度从1963年起进入并一直保持国际先进水平。1978年以来在组织中国各天文台参加国际地球自转联测并推进有关新技术在中国的建立、负责中国甚长基线射电干涉网的建设、负责并在“现代地壳运动和地球动力学研究”重大关键项目研究等方面取得了重要成就。

1980年当选为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Astronomer.Female.Born in Guangzhou.Graduated from Zhongshan University in 1949.Research professor and director,Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, International Astronomical Union ( 1988-1994 ) , and vice president, Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

Ye is mainly engaged in the precise determination of synthesized universal time and the observation and study of the earth rotation.From the 1950s to 1970s, she established and developed the research work of Chinese synthesized universal time.With the collaboration of astronomical units, the accuracy of Chinese synthesized universal time system has reached the international advanced level since 1963.Since 1978, she has made important achievements in organizing Chinese astronomical observatories to join the international united observations of the earth rotation and promoting the establishment of related new technologies in China.She is in charge of the construction of Chinese very long baseline interferometer network, and recently,the major key project of “ the research of modern crust motion and geodynamics ”.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.