院士风采

张文佑

1909.08.31～1985.02.11

地质学家。河北唐山人。1934年毕业于北京大学地质系。1945年赴美、英等国考察研究。中国科学院地质研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。50余年共发表170余篇论著。创立断裂体系和断块大地构造学说，对断块理论和地质力学做出了重要贡献。参加了把我国油气勘探基地由西部东移的战略决策，他提出的“定凹探边”、“定凹探隆”的建议为大庆和其他油田的开发做出了贡献。他的《断块构造导论》是断块学说的代表作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Geologist. Born in Tangshan, Hebei Province. Graduated from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1934. Made an investigation to the USA and British in 1945. R esearch professor,director and honorary director, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his research career of more than 50 years, Zhang published more than 170 treatises, established the fracture system and faultblock earth-conformation theory and made important contributions to the plate hypothesis and geomechanics. He took part in the making of the strategic decision to shift China’s focus of oil-gas exploration from the west to the east. The proposals of “Depression-delimiting to marginal exploration”, “Depression-delimiting to uplift exploration”made by him contributed a lot of the exploration of Daqing and other oil fields and his treatise “Introduction to Fault-Block Conformation” is the representative work to the fault-conformation theory.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

武 衡

1914.03.18～1999.01.15

地质学家。江苏徐州人。1934年入清华大学地质系学习。国家科学技术委员会副主任、中国科学院学部主席团名誉主席、全国地层委员会主任。50年代主持筹建了中国科学院东北地区各研究所，领导开展东北地区的科研工作，为恢复和发展东北经济建设和科学技术事业做出了贡献。1955年后，参与领导组建中国科学院学部，参与领导组织了全国科学技术长远规划的制订以及1962年全国科学技术工作会议和1978年全国科学大会。他为建立中国科学研究机构管理制度、研究生制度、科学奖励制度、科技情报事业和专利制度做了大量开拓工作。他是我国南极科学考察事业的奠基者和组织者。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Geologist. Born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Enrolled in the Department of Geology, Qinghua University in 1934. Professor and advisor, State Science and Technology Commission , president, All-China Commission on Stratigraphy, and honorary chairman, Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the 1950s, Wu took charge of the preparation for the setting up of the institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the northeast regions of China and exercised leadership in the scientific research in this area. He made important contributions to the restoration and development for the economic construction and science and technology in northeast China. After 1955, he took part in the organization and establishment of the academic divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He led and participated in the drawing of 3 Long-term Schemes for the Development of Science and Technology, the National Conference of Science and Technology in 1962 and the National Science Conference in 1978. He has done a lot of pioneering work for China’s administrative system of scientific research institutes,postgraduate system, scientific award system, scientific information and patent system. He is also a founder and organizer for the Antarctic investigation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

何作霖

1900.05.05～1967.11.17

矿物学家。河北蠡县人。1926年毕业于北京大学地质系。1940年获奥地利茵城大学岩石矿物系博士学位。中国科学院地质研究所研究员。对光性矿物学、岩石组构学、X射线结晶学、稀有元素矿物学、工艺岩石学等均有造诣，是中国最早的光性矿物学家。最先应用X光进行岩组工作。30年代首次发现白云鄂博铁矿含有稀有金属和稀土矿物。从事镁质及耐火材料平炉底砖的技术和理论研究，对鞍钢的生产建设做出了一定的贡献。晚年曾设计变温盒，利用弗氏台进行矿物折光率的双变法测定，并进行X光岩组学研究。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mineralogist. Born in Lixian, Hebei Province. Graduatec from the Department of Geology, Peking University in 1926. Received Ph.D.from the Department of Mineralogy, University of Innsbruck, Austria in 1940. Research professor, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He had great academic attainments on optical mineralogy,petrofabrics. X-ray crystallography, mineralogy of rare elements and technological petrology. He was the earliest optical mineralogist in China and the first to apply X-ray in petrofabric analysis. In the 1930s, he first discovered that the Baiyunebo iron mine contained rare metals and rare earth minerals. He took up the study of the technology and theory of basis bricks of open-hearth furnace, which was made from magnesia refractory materials, and made contributions to the production and construction of the Anshan Iron and Steel Corporation.In his remaining years, he designed an immersion-cell for the vivariant method of refractive measurement of mineral on a universal stage and studied X-ray petrofabrics.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

竺可桢

1890.03.07～1974.02.07

气象学家、地理学家和教育家。浙江上虞人。1918年获美国哈佛大学博士学位。浙江大学校长、中国科学院副院长、中国科学技术协会副主席。二三十年代开创气象教育事业，创建气象研究所，组建早期的中国气象观测网，开展物候观测、高空探测及天气预报等业务，在台风、中国季风及大气环流、气候区划、物候、气候变迁等研究方面都作出了开拓性的贡献。他精辟指出台风眼中有下沉气流存在，西太平洋台风路径之变化受远东四个大气活动中心所控制。在中国首先提出季风系统这一概念。首创区域气候研究，提出划分亚热带的指标。他确定的中国八大气候区，确立了气候区划和自然区划的基本轮廓。研究中国近五千年的气候变迁，其成果对气候变化研究有重要贡献。他主持并参加我国黄河中游水土保持、治沙、黑龙江流域、新疆、西部南水北调、华南热带生物、云南热带资源等综合考察，作出了重大贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Meteorologist, geographer and educator. Born in Shangyu,Zhejiang Province. Received Ph.D.from Harvard University, USA in 1918. Former president of Zhejiang University, vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and vice president of Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

Zhu introduced meteorological courses in high schools,established the Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica, organized and built the earliest network of meteofological observations, and built the earliest network of meteorological observations, and developed phonological observations, upper air soundings and weather forecasting during the 1920s and 1930s. He made creative contributions to the study of typhoon, China monsoon and general air circulation, climatic divisions, phenology and climatic changes. He incisively indicated that there are down currents in the typhoon eye, the change of the typhoon route in West Pacific being mainly controlled by 4 great centers of the atmospheric action in Far East and he was the first to propose the conception of monsoon sys tem in China. He founded the regional climate research, suggested the criteria of distinguishing the subtropics zone, determined the 8 large climatic regions and ascertained the fundamental frame of climatic divisions and natural divisions in China. He investigated and contributed greatly to the study on climatic change during the recent 5,000 years in China. He led and participated in the comprehensive investigations of water and soil conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, desertification control,management and protection of Heilongjiang basin and Xinjiang region,diversion of water from the south to the north in West China, and tropical bio-resources in South China and Yunnan Province and made important contribution.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Science in 1955.