院士风采

王大珩1915.02.26～2011.07.21

应用光学家。原籍江苏苏州，生于日本东京。1936年毕业于清华大学。中国科学院长春光学精密机械研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。我国光学事业奠基人之一。为国防现代化研制各种大型光学观测设备有突出贡献；为我国的光学事业及计量科学的发展起了重要作用。50年代创办了中国科学院仪器馆，以后发展成为长春光学精密机械研究所。领导该所早期研制我国第一埚光学玻璃、第一台电子显微镜、第一台激光器，并使它成为国际知名的从事应用光学和光学工程的研究开发基地。1986年和王淦昌、陈芳允、杨嘉墀联名，提出发展高技术的建议（“863”计划）。还与王淦昌联名倡议，促成了激光核聚变重大装备的建设。提倡并组织学部委员主动为国家重大科技问题进行专题咨询，颇有成效。1992年与其他五位学部委员倡议并促成中国工程院的成立。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Applied opticist.Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province.Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936.Research professor, director and honorary director, Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang is one of the founders of optical science and technology in China.He has made outstanding contributions to the investigation and manufacture of various large and sophisticated optical devices for defense modernization in China and played a very important role in developing optical science and technology and in the progress of metrological science in China.In the 1950s, he founded the Laboratory for Instrument Technology ( the predecessor of Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.) He directed the Institute to manufacture the first batch of optical glass, the first electron microscope and the first laser in China which made the Institute known worldwide as the center for applied optics and optics and optical engineering.Jointly with Profs.Wang Ganchang , Chen Fangyun and Yang Jiachi, he proposed the suggestion to develop high technology in China (the “863”Plan).He and Prof.Wang Ganchang also jointly initiated to build the national key device of laser fusion.He prompted and organized Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to play active roles in offering advises for national important topics of science and technology and achieved remarkable success.Jointly with other 5 Members of Chinese Academy of Engineering.In 1958, he was a leading awarded of the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

王之玺1906.12.08～2001..0.20

冶金学家。河北行唐人。1931年毕业于天津北洋大学。冶金工业部咨询委员，一级工程师。负责拟订鞍钢复工计划，并参加工程施工，生产迅速恢复，获一等功臣奖。首先组织创建了我国钢铁产品的技术标准，组织制定了全国钢铁冶炼的基本操作规程并建立技术监督制度；提出了攀枝花和包头铁矿综合利用的课题，并负责组织攀枝花钒钛铁矿的高炉冶炼实验工作，采用三段试验方案取得成功，为攀枝花钢铁基地的建设创造了技术条件。负责组织制定冶金技术十年发展规划，组织一些重大新技术的研究和推广工作，如连续铸钢、贫赤铁矿选矿、炼铁高炉采用高压高风温、炼钢真空处理、钢材冷加工等。为推动冶金工业的技术进步，为中国金属学会的创建和发展做出了贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Metallurgist.Born in Xingtang, Hebei Province.Graduated from Tianjin Beiyang University in 1931.Member, Advisory Committee, and Grade-A senior engineer, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.

Wang drew up restoration plans for Anshan Iron and Steel Works, took part in the engineering construction and enabled quick resumption of production, for which he got a first class merit citation.He was the first to organize the formulation of the National Technical Specifications of Iron and Steel Products in China.He organized and drew up national fundamental operating instructions for Chinese iron and steel metallurgical industries and set up a system of technical supervision.He put forward proposals for the comprehensive utilization of Panzhihua and Baotou iron ores.He was in charge of the experimental project for blast funace smelting of Panzhihua vanadium bearing titaniferous iron ores.He made great success in taking a three stage experimental scheme and met the technical requirements for the construction of Panzhihua iron and steel Industrial base.He was responsible for the mapping out of a ten-year plan for the development of metallurgical science and technology in China.He organized a series of important investigations on the research and development of modern technology, such as the continuous casting of steel, ore dressing of low grade hematite, intensification of blast furnace operation with high pressure and high temperature blowing, vacuum treatment in steel making, cold working of steel products, etc..He made great achievements in promoting the technological progress of China’s metallurgical industries and also contributed to the founding and development of the Chinese Society of Metals.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

石志仁1897.03.01～1972.01.01

铁路机械专家。河北乐亭人。1918年毕业于北京大学工科预科，1922年获香港大学学士学位。1924年获美国麻省理工学院硕士学位。铁道部副部长、研究员。长期从事铁路机务管理工作，主持设计和建立皇姑屯、戚墅堰和桂林等铁路机厂。主持和参与制订了我国机车车辆制造、维修、运营等一系列基本制度和辅助制度，参与了我国内燃机车、电力机车的设计、试制和生产以及燃气轮机车试验和京山线（天津—山海关间）自动闭塞试验的组织领导工作，还参与了丰台、苏家屯和驮峰调车场的改造以及我国第一条环形铁路实验线的建设工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Specialist in railway mechanics.Born in Leting, Hebei Province.Graduated from the Engineering Preparatory Course of Peking University in 1918.Received Bachelor degree from Hong Kong University in 1922, and MS from MIT, USA in 1924.Vice minister and research professor, Ministry of Railways.

Shi was engaged in the railway management for a long period of time.HE directed the design and construction of Huanggutun,Qishuyan, Guilin and other railway locomotive and rolling stock plants.He also directed and participated in mapping out a series of fundamental and supplementary systems for the manufacture,maintenance and operation of rolling stocks in China.Besides, he participated in the design, trial production and production of homemade diesel and electric locomotives as well as the test on gas turbine locomotives.He was one of the leaders and organizers on the test of automatic block system in Jing-shan Railway Line ( between Tianjin and Shanhaiguan ).He participated in the upgrading of hump yards in Fengtai and Sujiatun and the construction of the first loop railway test line in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

叶渚沛1902.10.06～1971.11.24

冶金学家。祖籍福建厦门，生于菲律宾马尼拉市。1925～1933年就读于美国宾夕法尼亚大学。中国科学院化工冶金研究所研究员、所长。长期潜心于科学研究，善于运用多种科学和技术的综合观点，不断提出解决国家建设中许多重大课题的意见和建议。倡导了化工冶金学和创建了化工冶金研究所。对中国采用当代钢铁冶金中的几项最主要的新技术，提出了带有方向性的预见；对中国几个主要的钢铁基地和复杂矿综合利用（包头、攀枝花）以及一些有色金属矿藏的开发利用，都提出了重要的建议。积极建议发展钢铁化肥联合企业和竖炉炼磷，以迅速解决我国氮肥和磷肥短缺的局面。积极提出发展技术科学以及开展微粒学、计算机在冶金中的应用和超高温新化工冶金过程的建议。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Metallurgist.Born in Manila, the Philippines.Graduated from University of Pennsylvania, USA in 1925.Research professor and director, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his life-long devotion to metallurgical science and technology,Ye was particularly well known for his ability in combining different disciplines to bear on problems of national significance and in formulating policies and strategies on their solution.He proposed the new discipline of applying chemical engineering principles to problems in extractive metallurgy.He established the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences.He made some important suggestions in modernizing China’s iron and steel industry, such as the adoption of pressurized balst furnace with extra high- temperature blast, oxygen-blown steel converter, measures for utilizing China’s complex and low-grade iron ores, conservation of rare-earth in Baotou iron ore, and recovery of vanadium and titanium from Panzhihua iron ore.To utilize available resources for fertilizers, he advocated to develop fertilizer and iron and steel complex for recovering hydrogen from coke oven gas to make ammonia and blast furnace melting of low-grade phosphorous to make elemental phosphorous.He was an early proponent for the development of technological sciences, the application of particle study and computer to metal extraction and ultra-high temperature extractive metallurgy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.