一般现在时“过三关”

毛明富

[第一关] 一般现在时的定义

一般现在时主要表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的一段时间内存在的状态。它常常与often(经常), usually(通常), sometimes(有时), every day, in the morning(afternoon, evening)等时间状语连用。例如:

I often go swimming at the weekend. 我周末经常去游泳。

We speak English every day. 我们每天讲英语。

They play football in the afternoon. 他们下午踢足球。

[第二关] 一般现在时的构成

1. 动词be的一般现在时。动词be在一般现在时中有三种形式,即am, is, are。第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其余各人称一律用are。例如:

I am on duty today. 今天我值日。

She is a student. 她是个学生。

They are from Canada. 他们来自加拿大。

2. 动词have的一般现在时。除第三人称单数用has外,其它人称用have。例如:

He has a computer. 他有一台电脑。

We have some new books. 我们有一些新书。

3. 行为动词的一般现在时。除第三人称单数在动词原形后面加-s或-es外,其余各人称用动词原形。例如:

He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

My brother enjoys playing basketball after school. 我哥哥放学后喜欢打篮球。

We study hard for the people. 我们为人民努力学习。

[第三关] 一般现在时的句型转换

1. be动词的一般现在时, 直接在三种形式am, is, are之后加not构成否定句。其中is, are可与not缩写成isnt, arent(但am not不能缩写成amnt)。一般疑问句将am, is或are提前到句首,句末用问号。例如:

He is from New York. →

否定句:He is not(isnt) from New York.

一般疑问句:Is he from New York?

2. 行为动词的一般现在时。

(1)否定句的构成。当主语是第三人称单数时,在主语之后,谓语动词之前加doesnt,原句中的第三人称单数形式的动词需改为动词原形。当主语不是第三人称单数时,在谓语动词前加dont构成否定式。例如:

John speaks English. →John doesnt speak English.

They live in Mexico City. →They dont live in Mexico City.

(2)一般疑问句的构成及回答。当主语是第三人称单数时,在句首加Does,同时把句中的谓语动词改为原形。句型结构为“Does+第三人称单数主语+动词原形+其它成分?”,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+does.”,否定回答用“No,主语+doesnt.”。例如:

She often goes to the library.→

Does she often go to the library? 肯定回答:Yes, she does./否定回答:No, she doesnt.

当主语不是第三人称单数时,在句首加Do构成一般疑问句。句型结构为“Do+非第三人称单数主语+动词原形+其它成分?”,肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+do.”;否定回答为“No, 主语+dont.”。例如:

They often go to the cinema. →Do they often go to the cinema?

肯定回答:Yes, they do./否定回答:No, they dont.

[小试牛刀]

一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Betty and Mary ____(watch) TV every evening.

2. Bill ____(like) French fries.

3. Where ____( be) the strawberries?

4. My backpack ____(be) on the sofa.

5. Tom ____(play) basketball in the afternoon.

二、按要求转换下列各句。

1. I know the girl in red. (改为否定句)

I ____ ____the girl in red.

2. Uncle Wang has a new computer. (改为一般疑问句)

____ Uncle Wang ____a new computer?

3. Jack has a soccer ball. (改为否定句)

Jack ____ ____a soccer ball.

4. Bob likes hamburgers. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

____ Bob ____hamburgers?

____, ____ ____.

5. Li Lei does his homework in the evening. (改为否定句)

Li Lei ____ ____ his homework in the evening.

[Key:一、1.watch 2.likes 3.are 4.is 5.plays二、1.dont know 2.Does; have 3.doesnt have 4.Does; like; No; he doesnt 5.doesnt do]