院士风采

叶企孙1898.7.16～1977.1.13

物理学家。上海人。1918年毕业于清华学校（今清华大学前身）。1923年获美国哈佛大学博士学位。北京大学教授。1948年当选为中央研究院院士。20年代与合作者对普朗克常数值作了精确测定，其值被国际物理学界沿用16年之久。研究了液压对铁磁体磁导率的影响，并在12000kg/cm2压强下测量了铁、镍、钴和两种钢的磁导率，理论分析与实验定性符合。在清华大学开创了中国大学物理研究。在自然科学史方面取得多项创见性成果。从教50余年，在培养科学人才、发展中国教育事业方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University) in 1918.Received Ph.D. from Harvard University, USA in 1923.Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor, Peking University.

Ye precisely measured the value of Planck Constant with his cooperator in the 1920s, and the value was used by physical academic circles for 16 years. He studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the permeability of ferromagnet and measured the permeability of Fe, Ni, Co and two kinds of steel under the pressure of 12,000kg/cm2.The theoretic analysis was qualitatively consistent with the expermental data. He made several original achievements in the aspect of the history of natural seiences. He was engaged in education for over 50 years and made important contributions to the training of scientefic researchers and the development of Chinese education.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

华罗庚1910.11.12～1985.6.12

数学家。江苏金坛人。1924年金坛中学初中毕业，后刻苦自学。1931年到清华大学数学系任职，1938年任西南联合大学教授。1946年任美国普林斯顿数学研究所研究员、普林斯顿大学和伊利诺斯大学教授。1948年当选为中央研究院院士。中国科学院数学研究所、应用数学研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长，中国科学院副院长兼中国科技大学副校长。美国等国家科学院国外院士，并被芝加哥科技博物馆列为近代88位伟大数学家之一。主要从事解析数论、矩阵几何学、典型群、自守函数论、多复变函数论、偏微分方程、高维数值积分等领域的研究与教学工作并取得突出成就。在解决高斯完整三角和的估计难题、华林和塔里问题改进、一维射影几何基本定理证明、近代数论方法应用研究等面取得出色成果。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Jintan, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Jintan Middle School in 1924 and studied assiduously by himself later. Held a post in the Deparment of Mathematics,Tsinghua University in 1931. Professor, Southwest Associated University in 1938, research prfessor, Princeton Institute of Mathematics, and professor, Princeton University and University of Illinois, USA in 1946. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics, vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, University of Science and Technology of China, foreign menmber, American National Academy of Sciences, and eledted as one of the 88 contemporary great mathematicians by Chicago Museum of Science and Technology.

Hua was mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields such as analytic theory of numbers, matrix geometry, typical group, theory of automorphic function, multicomples function theory, partial differential equation, multi-dimensional numerical value integral and so on,and made outstanding attainments. He obtained remarkable achievements in the solution to the estimating problem of Gaussian completing triangle sum, improvement of Waring and Talle problem, verification of fundamental theorem abouti one dimensional projecting geometry and the applied research of modem number theory method.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

江泽涵1902.10.6～1994.3.29

数学家。安徽旌德人。1926年毕业于南开大学。1930年获美国哈佛大学博士学位。北京大学教授。中国最早的拓扑学家，主要从事拓扑学的教学与研究，有很大影响。研究领域有莫尔斯理论、覆叠空间与纤维丛、不动点理论等。30年代应用莫尔斯理论得到关于调和函数的临界点的多项成果，并对尼尔森曲面映射理论中万有覆叠的紧化提出了代数讲法。40至50年代确立了不可定向流形的可定向双层覆叠的几个基本性质，并计算了一些重要纤维丛的同调群。60年代重新研究尼尔森不动点理论，领导科研集体在尼尔森数的计算和实现方面取得重大突破。从教数十年，对中国教育事业的发展作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Jingde, Anhui Province. Graduated from Nankai University in 1920. Rrceived Ph.D. from Harvard University , USA, in 1930. Professor, Beijing University.

Jiang was mainly engaged in the teaching and research on fixed point theory, Morse theory, complex space and fiber bundles and made outstanding attainments. In his early years, he successfully substituted the tool of complex space for hyperbola geometry, and along with others, he proposed the Luen’s concept of self-mapping and directed others to make significant breakthrough in the calculation and accomlishment of Nilson Number. He directly applied the Morse theory to analytics and obtained many important results in harmonic function. He gained many creative achievements in the complex space and fiber bundles. He made important contributions to the education in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

许宝騄1910.9.1～1970.12.18

数学家。原籍浙江杭州，生于北京。1933年毕业于清华大学。1938年、1940年先后获英国伦敦大学哲学博士学位和剑桥大学科学博士学位。1948年当选为中央研究员院士。北京大学教授。中国早期从事数理统计学和概率论研究并达到世界先进水平的一位杰出学者。早年在多元统计分析与统计推断方面发表一系列出色的研究论文；发展了矩阵变换的技巧，推进了矩阵论在数理统计学中的应用；在高斯—马尔可夫模型中方差的最优估计的研究中取得重要成果。在概率论方面取得突出成果，并与他人首次引入全收敛概念，在极限理论研究方面开辟了一个新方向。在矩阵偶在某些变换下的分类、次序统计量的极限分布等方面获多项重要成果。在发展中国教育事业、培养科学人才方面做了大量工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Beijing. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1933. Received Ph.D.from London University,and SC.D. from Cambridge University, UK in 1938 and 1940,respectively. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor, Peking University.

Xu was an outstanding and world well known Chinese scholar in the field of mathematical statistics and theory of probability. In his early research career, he published a series of remarkable papers on multivariable statistic analysis and statistic inference. He improved matrix transformation techniques and generalized the application of matrix theory in amthematical statistics. He made significant achievements in the study of square root optimum expectation in Gaussian-Marckov model and obtained outstanding results in the field of probability theory. Together with his colleagues, he introduced for the first time the concept of total convergence and set up a new specialty in the study of limit theory. He achieved many important results in the aspects of classification of matrix-couples under certain transformations and the limit distribution of order statistics. He also did tremendous word for the development of Chinese education and the training of probabilists and statisticians.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.