院士风采

化学家。江苏仪征人。1925年毕业与南京高等师范学校和东南大学化学系。1948年获美国罗彻斯特大学博士学位。中国科学院化学研究所和青海盐湖研究所研究员、名誉所长。早年从事分子光谱研究，判定双氰分子处于两种共振状态，是中国化学家研究光谱最早者之一。参与解决核燃料前、后处理中的化学问题，有诸多贡献。开拓了中国盐湖资源及其化学基础的研究，组织综合队伍考察，并组建了青海盐湖研究所。勘测研究了察尔汗盐湖区富藏钾镁资源，发现了柴旦盐湖区柱硼镁石以及柴达木盆地若干点的锂资源等，提出了从盐湖卤水分离制钾和直接提取硼锂资源的有效工艺，为盐湖开发和西北地区建设作出了贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chem ist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Nan jing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University in 1925. Received Ph.D. from Rochester University, USA in 1948. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Chemistry and Tsinghua Institute of Saline Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Liu stud ied m olecu lar spectroscopy. He found the resonance state of bicyanomolecules. He was one of the early researchers dealing with spectroscopy in China. He solved a lot of chemical problems concerning nuclear fuel. He opened a new field of salt lake research in China, organized investigators to survey the resources, and set up the Institute of Saline Lakes. He and his co-workers found rich resources of potassium and magnesium in Chaidan Lake and lithium in Chaidamu basin. He proposed a rational process for the separation of lithium and boron from salt lakes. He comtributed a lot to the development in the northwest and salt lake areas.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

侯祥麟

1912.0 4.04～2008.12.08

化学工程学家。广东汕头人。1935年毕业于燕京大学化学系。1948年获美国卡内基理工学院博士学位。中国石油天然气总公司科技委副主任，中国石油化工总公司高级顾问。曾任石油工业部科技委员会主任，全面负责石油科研机构和队伍的组建，科研计划的管理；参与历次国家和部门科技发展规划的制订、协调和实施，组织领导重大炼油新技术的科研攻关会战，促进了中国炼油技术的发展，实现了主要油品立足国内，还领导解决了中国喷气燃料的特殊技术问题，领导研制并组织供应尖端工业急需的各种润滑材料等，为国民经济和国防建设作出了贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Shantou, Guangdong Province. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1935. Received Ph.D. from Carnegie Institute of Technology, USA in 1948. Vice chairman, China National Petroleum Corporation, senior advisor, China Petro-Chemical Corporation, and chairman, Commission of Science and Technology, Ministry of Petroleum Industry.

Hou is the organizer and founder of scientific institutions in petroleum industry and also in charge of the planning and management. He participated in the formulation, coordination and implementation of S&T development plans at the national and departmental levels. He and his coworkers solved many key problems in oil industry to promote the development of China’s oil refining and achieved China’s selfsufficient supply of the main oil products. He also solved key problems in obtaining jet fuel and special lubricants used in new technology. He dedicated himself to the development of the national economy and national defense.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

张青莲

1908.0 7.31～2006.12.14

化学家。江苏常熟人。1936年获德国柏林大学博士学位。北京大学教授。长期从事无机化学特别是有关同位素化学及重水的研究。成果大部分已总结于所发表的《从事同位素化学研究五十年》（1985）一文中，并为中国各种轻同位素的研究作出了贡献。80年代以来系统地进行了原子量的精密测定工作，所测定铟原子量「114.818（3）」和锑原子量「121.760（1）」已被国际纯粹与应用化学联合会确定为新的国际标准数据（1991、1993）。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chem ist. Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. Received Ph.D. from the University of Berlin Germany in 1939. Professor, Peking University.

Zhang is engaged in the research on inorganic chemistry, particularly chem istry on isotopes and heavy water. His well-known publication “Fifty Years Research on Isotopes Chemistry”(1985) covers most of his results. He also contributed to China’s light isotope research and promoted the development in this field. Since the 1980s, he has systematically determined atomic weights. The accurate atomic weights of indium「114.818（3）」and antimony 「121.760（1）」have been adopted by IUPAC as new international standard data.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

赵承嘏

1885.1 2.11～1966.08.06

化学家。江苏江阴人。少年应举为秀才、廪生，后改从新学。1906年被录取官费留学，1912年获曼彻斯特大学硕士学位，1914年获瑞士日内瓦大学博士学位。中国科学院药物研究所研究员、所长。中国进行中草药研究的先驱者。在生物碱的分离结晶方面有独到之处。分离所得的延胡索素乙已正式列入药典，在临床上作为镇痛镇静剂使用；分离所得常山碱丙素，具有高出奎宁148倍的抗虐活性；所分离的钩吻素乙，可作为生理化学成分，得到了许多新生物碱结晶，其中部分推荐临床食用。建立了一套系统研究整理祖国医药的科学方法，还曾解决了青霉素钾盐结晶的方法，使青霉素得以顺利投产。指导设计试验了一套局麻药普鲁卡因的合成工艺。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Was Xiucai and Linsheng (degrees of the old educational system) and then started his new education. Passed government examination and was sent ot Britain to continue his education by government financial support in 1906. Received M.Sc. from the University of Manchester, UK in 1921 and Ph.D. from the University of Geneva, Switzerland in 1914. Research professor and director, Institute of Materria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhao was the pioneering researcher of Chinese herbs and was specialized in the separation and crystallization of alkaloids. Corydaline-B separated by him has been collected into China’s pharmacopeia dictionary and used for analgesic in anti-malaria. Gelsemicine-B can be used for biological reagents. He studied about 30 different alkaloids sep arated from Ch inese herbs, some of which are new crystalline alkaloids and have been recommended for clinical use. He created scientific meth lds to study Chinese traditional medicine, solved the crystalline methld for potassium salt of penicillin in production and designed a new process for the production of procaine used for local anesthesia.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.