八年级英语Ｕｎｉｔｓ９—１２要点透视

1.【课文原句】She was born in 1973. 她生于1973年。

【思路点拨】be born意思是“出生”，是被动语态，born是由bear变来的。当主语是动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态，当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词要用另一种形式，我们称它为被动语态。被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过be的变化表现出来。它的一般现在时是：am/is/are+过去分词；它的一般过去时是：was/were+过去分词：它的一般将来时是：will/shall be +过去分词；它的现在完成时是：have been+过去分词；它的过去完成时是：had been+过去分词。例如：

My desk is made of wood.我的写字台是用木头做的。(一般现在时)

——Where was your sister born? 你妹妹是在哪儿出生的？

——She was born in Beijing. 她是在北京出生的。 (一般过去时)

It will be discussed next week.这事我们下周讨论。(一般将来时)

We havent been told about it.没人通知我们这件事。(现在完成时)

When I got to the store, the red sweaters had been sold out.

当我赶到商店时，红毛衣已经卖光了。(过去完成时)

【典题例证】The children ____ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.（2006年，河北）

A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught

【答案简析】答案B。根据句意用被动语态，从时间状语last month可知，要用一般过去时。

2.【课文原句】When did he stop hiccupping? 他什么时候停止打嗝的？

【思路点拨】stop doing sth.是“停止干某事”的意思，指这一动作不能再继续下去；stop to do sth.是“停下来干某事”的意思，指停止前一个动作而开始后一个动作。例如：

Stop talking, boys and girls. Listen to me, please.

别说话了，同学们。请听我说。

You are tired. Lets stop to have a rest.

你累了，咱们停下来休息一会儿吧。

【典题例证】She ought to stop ____； she had a headache because she ____ too long. (2006年，兰州)

A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read

C. working, has read D. working, read

【答案简析】答案C。根据句意，第一个空是“停止做某事”，排除A、B；第二个空强调影响，用完成时态。

3.【课文原句】You are never too young to start doing things. 开始做事永远别嫌年龄太小。

【思路点拨】too…to是一个表示否定意义的短语，意思是“太……以致不能……，太……没有……”，它可以用not…enough to短语改写，或用so…that改写为结果状语从句。例如：

The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.=The book is so difficult that I cant read it.

这本书太难了，我看不懂。

He is too young to do the job.=He is not old enough to do the job.=He is so young that he cant do the job.

他太小了，不能做这份工作。

【典题例证】

——This box is ____ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?

——Certainly.（2006年，武汉）

A. so B. much C. very D. too

【答案简析】答案D。此处意思是“太……以致不能……”，故填too。

4.【课文原句】When did she become a movie star? 她什么时候成为电影明星的？

【思路点拨】become是个连系动词，其后跟表语，意思是“成为，变得；与……相称，适合”，它的习惯搭配become of是“发生，遭遇”的意思。另外，要注意become的用法：①become不可与不定式连用 ②一般不用于“将来成为”的意思，此时改用be。例如：

It became dark. 天黑了。

He became a teacher five years ago. 五年前他成了老师。

A white dress becomes her. 她穿白衣服很合适。

What has become of the box of candy?那盒糖哪儿去了？

【典题例证】Jack ____ a doctor after he left the university.

(2006年，诸城)

A. becomes B. has become C. became D. become

【答案简析】答案C。由从句推断出应该用一般过去时。

5.【课文原句】He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.他将所有的空闲时间花在了孙子们的身上。

【思路点拨】在表示“花费时间”时，常用两个单词spend和take。前者常用句式为：spend on sth.，spend in doing sth.。在这种句式中，主语是“人”而不是“物”；后者的常用句式是：It takes sb. some time to do sth.，在这种句式中，真正的主语是动词不定式，而it只是形式主语，总之，句子的主语是“物”而非“人”。例如：

He does not spend much time on his homework.

他在做作业上花不了多少时间。

It takes him about four hours to watch TV every evening.

他每晚大约用四个小时时间来看电视。

【典题例证】He ____ less time reading stories about film stars than before. (2006年，南通)

A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays

【答案简析】答案B。在“花费时间”句式中，主语是“人”时，用spend；主语是不定式时，用take。

6.【课文原句】He began to learn the accordion at the age of four, and he started to learn the piano when he was seven. 他四岁时开始学习演奏手风琴，七岁时开始学习弹奏钢琴。

【思路点拨】at the age of是个固定搭配，意思是“在……岁时”，在句中作时间状语，它可以用when来相互改写，将简单句改为时间状语从句。例如：

She became a nurse at the age of twenty.=She became a nurse when she was twenty years old.她二十岁时成了护士。

My brother began to learn English at the age of six.=My brother began to learn English when he was six years old.

我兄弟六岁时开始学英语。

【典题例证】Her brother joined the army ____ twenty-one.

(2006年，枣庄)

A. at the age of B. at the end of

C. in front of D. by the time of

【答案简析】答案A。根据句意此处为“在……岁时”。

7.【课文原句】Peter, could you please take out the trash? 彼德，请把垃圾拿出去好吗？Sure, Mom. 当然可以。

【思路点拨】在表示请求帮助或允许的疑问句中，我们常用could代替can，以表示礼貌、委婉的语气。这种句式的回答一般不直接用could，而是常用sure， of course, certainly, Yes, please等；否定回答常用Im sorry I cant. Sorry, I cant. Im sorry Im afraid…等。例如：

——Could I borrow your bike? 我能借你的自行车吗？

——Certainly. 当然可以。

Could you please not make noise? 请不要吵闹好吗？

【典题例证】

——Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?(2007年，温州)

——Yes, you ____. But you have to come back before nine.

A. shall B. must C. need D. can

【答案简析】答案D。情态动词could的肯定回答和否定回答都是用can。

8.【课文原句】Could you please sweep the floor?请你把地板打扫一下，好吗？

【思路点拨】在表示“扫地”时，常用的词组是sweep the floor，指用扫帚、笤帚去除地面上的垃圾；clean the floor除上述意思外，还可以指用拖把、抹布去除灰尘等；do some cleaning常用来指综合性的大扫除。例如：

We sweep the floor twice every day. 我们每天扫地两次。

We do some cleaning on Friday afternoon. 我们星期五下午大扫除。

【典题例证】The new term is coming. The students are busy ____ the classrooms.（2007年，北京）

A. clean B. cleans C. to clean D. cleaning

【答案简析】答案D。“忙于做某事”是be busy doing sth.。

9.【课文原句】stay out late 在外面呆到很晚

【思路点拨】stay用作不及物动词时，意思是“停留，逗留，暂住”；stay用作连系动词时，意思是“保持”，指保持某种状态或程度；stay用作名词时，意思是“停留，延缓”。例如：

We often stay at home and play computer games on Sundays.

星期天我们经常呆在家里玩电脑游戏。

Please stay for dinner.请留下来吃晚饭。

The weather will stay rainy for a few days.

这种阴雨天气将持续几天。

The store stays open till eleven oclock at night.

这家商店营业到晚上十一点钟。

【典题例证】——What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

——I would rather ____ at home than ____ football. Its too hot outside. (2007年，南京)

A. stay, playing B. stay, play

C. to stay, to play D. to stay, playing

【答案简析】答案B。would rather…than之后跟不带to的动词不定式。

10.【课文原句】I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。

【思路点拨】hate动词，反义词是love, like，同义词是dislike, not like，它的主要意思是“恨，憎恨，怨恨，不喜欢，讨厌”，其后常跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词作宾语，也可以跟复合宾语，还可以跟that从句。例如：

The old man hates all cats and dogs.那个老人讨厌猫和狗。

The young man is a thief. All the people hate him.

那个年轻人是个贼，所有的人都恨他。

I hate to work for that selfish boss.我不想为那个自私的老板干活。

【典题例证】Why do you ____（不喜欢）traveling by air?（根据汉语意思完成单词）（2007年，青岛）

【答案简析】答案hate。

11.【课文原句】Invite my friends to a party. 邀请我的朋友们出席聚会。

【思路点拨】invite及物动词，主要意思是“邀请”；多用于书面语，其后常跟复合宾语，它的宾补常用动词不定式或介词短语 (to) 来充当；当面邀请常用Will/Would you please…?；invite的另外一个意思是“征求，请……提（问题、意见、建议等）”，它的语气比asked委婉、客气得多。例如：

We invited all our relatives.我们邀请了所有的亲戚。

The villagers invited us to live with them.

村民们邀请我们和他们住在一起。

【典题例证】Im thinking of ____(邀请) them to spend the summer with me in Italy. （根据汉语提示完成单词）(2007年，苏州)

【答案简析】答案inviting。

12.【课文原句】Thanks for taking care of my dog. 谢谢你照看我的狗。

【思路点拨】(1) care是个兼类词，既可以用作名词，也可以用作动词，其基本意思是“关心，爱护，照顾，注意，担心”，care常与其他词组成一些固定的搭配，care about意思是“关心，在乎”，常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接从句时about要省略；care for作“喜欢”解时，用于疑问句或否定句，作“照顾”解时，是较正式的用语；take care意思是“小心，当心”，其后常跟动词不定式或that从句，take care=be careful。例如：

I dont care about your opinion. 我不在乎你的意见。

I dont care whether it rains.我不在乎下不下雨。

He doesnt really care for tea.他其实不大喜欢喝茶。

(2) take care of = look after是个固定的搭配，意思是“照顾，照料，照管，负责，处理”。例如：

We must take good care of the students well.我们必须照顾好学生。

Let me take care of the cooking.让我来负责做饭吧。

【典题例证】This ____ woman has devoted her life ____ caring for the poor. (2007年，连云港)

A. modest, with B. kind, to C. selfish, for D. unfair, at

【答案简析】答案B。根据句意第一个空应该填kind，“把……贡献给……”是devote…to。

13.【课文原句】Jasons has the best quality clothing.杰森服装店出售的服装质量最好。

【思路点拨】(1) quality名词，常见的意思有：品质；质量；特性；品种；身份，地位。例如：

Wang Gang is an actor of real quality.

王刚是一位真正有水平的演员。

That factory produces goods in five qualities.

那个工厂生产五个品牌的产品。

(2) clothing, clothes都是“衣服”的意思。前者是物质名词，是服装的总称，除衣裤外还包括帽子鞋袜等，它没有复数形式，后面要用动词的单数形式；后者是最常用的词，统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等，是个复数名词，不能直接与数词连用，后面要接动词的复数形式。例如：

This store sells womens clothes.这家商店出售妇女服装。

Vera often wears beautiful clothes.薇拉经常穿漂亮的衣服。

【典题例证】Its too cold here in winter. People have to wear ____ clothes.（2007年，北京）

A. warm B. new C. beautiful D. expensive

【答案简析】答案A。根据句意此处应该填“暖和的”。

14.【课文原句】As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great.说到广播电台，绝大多数人认为杰敏107.9 FM 调频台的确很棒。

【思路点拨】(1) as for是个习惯搭配，意思是“至于，就……而论”。例如：

As for me, I have nothing to say.至于我，我没什么可说的。

I could stay for two days, but as for staying for a week, it would be out of the question.我可以呆两天，至于耽搁一星期之久，那是不可能的。

(2) radio作不可数名词时，意思是“无线电，无线电话，无线电报，无线电广播”； radio作可数名词时，意思是“收音机，无线电设备”。例如：

She likes sending a passage by radio.她喜欢用无线电发消息。

Your sister is asleep. Turn off the radio, please.

你妹妹在睡觉，请把收音机关掉。

【典题例证】____ money, we will have to borrow some from the bank. (2007年，泰安)

A. As well B. As well as C. As for D. As with

【答案简析】答案C。根据句意此处为“至于，关于”。

15.【课文原句】Last weeks talent show was a great suc-cess.上个星期的才艺表演获得了巨大成功。

【思路点拨】success是个名词，它的形容词形式是successful，动词是succeed。例如：

Both plans have been tried without success.

两个计划都已试过但未获成功。

Mao Dun was a successful writer. 茅盾是一位成功的作家。

Tom succeeded in passing the exam. 汤姆考试及格了。

【典题例证】——Im sorry to hear that Bill failed the exam again.

——Dont worry about him. Im sure that he will never give up until he ____.（2007年，哈尔滨）

A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded

【答案简析】答案B。在时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

16.【课文原句】Harbin is in the north of China. 哈尔滨在中国的北方。

【思路点拨】在表示位置时，“在……范围内”用介词in；“两地相接，毗邻”用on；“两地相望，隔……相望”用to。例如：

Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

Hubei Province is on the north of Hunan Province.

湖北在湖南的北部。

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。

【典题例证】Shandong Province is ____ the east of Shanxi.

(2007年，菏泽)

A. to B. on C. in D. at

【答案简析】答案A。因为两省不毗邻，故填to。

17.【课文原句】About 200 yuan a night is enough. 大约200元一宿就足够了。

【思路点拨】enough用作形容词时，常在句子中作定语，既可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后；enough用作副词时，总是放在被修饰的词的后面；enough作名词时，不可数，意思是“充足，足够”。例如：

Two men are quite enough.两个人足够了。（形容词）

Its light enough for reading.天亮得可以看书了。（副词，修饰形容词）

They cant walk fast enough.他们走得不够快。（副词，修饰副词）

Have you played enough?你玩够了没有？（副词，修饰动词）

【典题例证】She was so weak that she didnt catch up with others. (改写句子，句意不变)

She was ____ ____ ____ to catch up with others. (2007年，青岛)

【答案简析】答案not, strong, enough。