丁红艳
Unit 3
1. What are you doing for vacation?
假期里你要干什么?
该句用现在进行时表示将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事,常跟表示将来的时间。所以本句的意思是:你在假期要干什么?例如:
My aunt is coming to see us next week. 我姑妈下周要来看望我们。
Im going to the movies this weekend.
这个周末我想去看电影。
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
她明天动身去上海。
She is ____ ____ Shanghai tomorrow.
[Key:leaving for]
2. Shes going camping.
她打算去野营。
“动词go+v-ing”构成的短语,常表示“去做某事”。例如:
go sightseeing 去观光, go fishing 去钓鱼, go surfing去冲浪, go swimming 去游泳, go skating 去滑冰, go shopping 去购物
[拓展] “go+v-ing”短语还可以用来表示从事某种职业。例如:
go teaching 从事教学,go farming务农,go soldiering 从军,go nursing 从事护理
注意:go+v-ing+介词短语,表示“去……干……”时,通常介词短语用于表明v-ing的动作在哪里做,而不用“to”表示“去做”。例如:
Lets go swimming in the river. 不能说:Lets go swimming to the river. 我们去河里游泳吧。
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
明天去徒步旅行怎么样?
What about ____ ____ tomorrow?
[Key: going hiking]
3. Well, have a good time. 好吧,祝你玩得开心。
此处have a good time与enjoy yourself 同义,意为“玩得很高兴”,但enjoy后面跟的反身代词应和它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与此同义的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time。例如:
Did you have a good time last Sunday? 上星期天你们过得高兴吗?
[练习]同义句转换。
They all had a good time at the party.
They all ____ ____ at the party.
[Key: enjoyed themselves]
4. Show me your photos when we get back to school.
回到学校时让我看看你的照片。
动词show主要有以下几种用法:
1)show sb. sth. (=show sth. to sb.) 意为“让某人看某物”。例如:
Please show us your new paintings. (=Please show your new paintings to us.)请让我们看看你的新画。
Could you show me some smaller ones?
拿几个小一点的给我看看好吗?
2)show后面的宾语是代词it或them时,要用show it/them to sb.。例如:
Will you please show them to me? 请让我看看他们好吗?
3)show sb. how to do sth. 意为“向某人说明怎样做某事”。例如:
My uncle showed me how to surf the Internet.
我叔叔曾教我怎样上网。
4)“show sb.+从句”中的show意为“说明”、“表明”。例如:
His speech showed that he didnt understand the subject.
他的发言表明他对这个课题并不了解。
Ill show you where the computer room is. 我来告诉你电脑房在哪里。
5)show意为“引导”、“带领”,后面接副词或介词短语。例如:
Please show the visitors in. 请把参观者领进来。
The headmaster showed them around the school.
校长带着他们参观了学校。
show还可以用作名词,意为“展出;展览”。例如:
The pictures are on show now. 那些画正在展出。
[练习]同义句转换。
Please show me your new dictionary.
Please show your new dictionary ____ ____.
[Key: to me]
5. Whats it like there? 那儿景色如何?
“What be…like?”是说话人用来询问对方对有关的人或事物的评价或感受,或要求对方描述有关人或事物的外貌。例如:
——Whats the film like? 那部电影怎样?
——Wonderful. 好极了。
——Whats the young man like? 那个年轻人是什么样的?
——Hes tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
你们新来的数学老师长得啥样?
____ your new math teacher ____?
[Key: Whats, like]
6. Hows the weather there? 那里的天气怎么样?
本句常被用来询问一个地方的天气,相当于“Whats the weather like+地点?”。例如:
Hows the weather in Hong Kong? (=Whats the weather like in Hong Kong?)香港的天气怎么样?
“How be…?”常被用来询问身体状况或某一方面的情况。例如:
——How are your parents? 你父母好吗?
——Very well, thank you. 很好,谢谢。
[练习] 同义句转换。
How is the weather today?
____ the weather ____ today?
[Key: Whats, like]
7. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他曾想去希腊或西班牙,但是决定去加拿大。
decide on+名词/V-ing形式,意为:决定,“on”作介词,也可用“upon”。例如:
She decided on the red shoes. 她决定要买那双红鞋。
They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.
他们决定在海边度假。
表示“决定”还可用decide to do…或decide+that从句。这三种不同的结构,含义相同。例如:
He decided to buy a new car.=He decided that he would buy a new car.=He decided on buying a new car. 他决定要买一辆新车。
[练习] 同义句转换。
She decided to go there by train.
She decided ____ ____ there by train.
[Key: on going]
8. This time I want to do something different.
这次我想做一些不同的事情。
形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等不定代词时,常将形容词放在这些不定代词之后,作后置定语。例如:
Can you tell us something interesting?
你能告诉我们一些有趣的事情吗?
Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?
在今天的报纸上有什么有趣的消息吗?
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
我有一些重要的事要告诉你们。
I have ____ ____ to tell you.
[Key: something important]
9. I heard that Canada is beautiful,…我听说加拿大很美,……
句中的hear意为“听说”,后面可以接宾语从句。hear of也含“听说”之意,后面接名词、代词或动名词。两者不可混为一谈。例如:
One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away. 一天,史密斯一家听说不远的镇上有一位好医生。
Ive never heard of that before. 我以前从未听说过那件事。
hear from意为“收到……的信”,“得到……消息”。其后的宾语是表示人的名词或代词。例如:
How often do you hear from your father?
你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信?
当hear表示“听见”,“听到”时,常用的结构是“hear sb. do sth.”,意为“听到某人做某事”,“hear sb. doing sth.”意为“听到某人正在做某事”。前者指听到某动作进行的全过程;而后者是指听到动作正在进行。试比较:
I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩走下楼去了。
I heard the boy going down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩在下楼。
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
我听说她昨天回来了。
I ____ she ____ ____ yesterday.
[Key: hear, came back]
10. I cant wait! 我等不及了!
cant wait表示一种迫不及待的心情,后面可接动词不定式。例如:
I really cant wait to go on holidays in Australia.
我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亚度假。
She cant wait for you to give her some work to do.
她迫不及待地想让你给她一些事情做。
[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
她迫不及待地打开盒子。
She cant ____ ____ ____ the box.
[Key: wait to open]
Unit 4
11. ——How do you get to school? 你平时怎样到学校?
——Well, I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.
噢,我通常步行去,但有时候我乘公共汽车去。
1)短语get to意为“到达”,后面可跟表示地点的名词作宾语。如:
It takes you ten minutes to get to the station.
你到火车站要花十分钟时间。
We got to Shanghai this morning. 我们是今天早上到达上海的。
注意:当get后面跟表示地点的副词时,其后不需要跟介词to。例如:
My mother was out when I got home. 我到家时妈妈不在家。
They got here last night. 他们昨晚到达这儿的。
2)walk与go比较:
两者都是不及物动词,含有“走”的意思。go表示“离去”,不一定指步行走路,往往与带介词to的地点状语或带介词by的行为方式状语连用。其主语可以是表示人、动物或非生物的名词或代词。如:
People in the cities often go and help them.
城里的人经常去帮助他们。
He will go to Beijing by plane. 他将乘飞机去北京。
My watch doesnt go. 我的表不走了。
walk指步行或漫无目的地散步,其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。如:
We are going to walk there. 我们将步行去那里。
They are walking along the street. 他们沿着大街散步。
表示“步行到某一地点去”时,两者可以换用。例如:
He walked/went to the window. 他向窗口走去。
注意:walk不能与on foot连用,但却可以说“go…on foot”。试译:他每天步行上学。
误:He walks to school on foot every day.
正:He goes to school on foot every day.
正:He walks to school every day.
3)句中的take 意为“乘坐”,是及物动词,后跟plane, train, bus, car, ship, boat等表示交通工具的名词作宾语。例如:
I want to take a bus to Beijing. 我想乘汽车去北京。
Then she went into the street and took a taxi home.
然后她走到街上,乘坐一辆出租车回家了。
12. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.
步行需要25分钟,乘公共汽车要10分钟。
“It takes sb. some time+动词不定式(短语)” 意为“(某人)花费多少时间做某事”。其中的take是及物动词,作“花费”、“需要”解。It是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)是真正的主语。当动词不定式表示的动作由某人执行时,“某人”可放在take的后面。例如:
Does it take a long time to learn English well?
学好英语要花很长时间吗?
It took us three days to finish the work.
完成这项工作花了我们三天时间。
13. He gets up at six oclock every day, showers and has a quick breakfast. 他每天六点钟起床,接着是去沐浴,然后是匆匆忙忙吃早饭。
英语中表示“三餐”的名词前面通常不用冠词。例如:
What time do you have breakfast? 你在什么时候吃早饭?
After lunch we usually have a rest. 午饭后我们一般都睡午觉。
What did you have for supper? 你晚饭吃什么了?
如果指某一顿饭,三餐饭的名词前面可以有形容词修饰,则其前可用不定冠词。例如:
We had a light supper at home. 我们在家吃了一顿清淡的晚餐。
14. ——How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远?
——Its three miles. 三英里远。
在向对方询问距离时,通常使用“How far is it from…to…?”句式,意为“从某地到另外一地有多远?”。句中的it用来指距离。例如:
——How far is it from here to the station? 从这儿到火车站有多远?
——About five kilometers. 大约五公里。
注意:用how far提问时,其后的主语和谓语为倒装语序,否则就成为感叹句。例如:
How far it is from your home to school!从你家到学校真远啊!
15. In North America, most students go to school on the school bus.
在北美,大多数学生乘校车上学。
by bus与on the bus比较:by bus是习惯用语,bus前不加冠词,不用复数形式,也不带任何修饰语。与此相类似的短语还有:by bike, by train, by plane, by ship, by boat, by car等。如:
He went there by train yesterday. 昨天他乘火车去那里了。
How are you going to Hainan, by plane or by ship?
你打算怎样去海南,乘飞机还是乘轮船?
在介词on或in (用on是美国英语)后面也可跟表示交通工具的名词。交通工具前可用冠词、物主代词等修饰。例如:
He usually goes to work in (on) his own car.
他通常开自己的车去上班。
Im going to Beijing on (in) the train. 我将乘火车去北京。
交通工具前标有起始或到达的时间时,也可用by。例如:
Well go by (on) the 10:00 train. 我们将乘10点的火车。
注意:“骑自行车”应该用by bike或on a bike, 不可以用in a bike。试译:昨天有多少学生骑自行车来这儿?
误:How many students came here in a bike yesterday?
正:How many students came here by bike yesterday?
正:How many students came here on a bike yesterday?
16. In China, it depends on where you are. 在中国,得看你在哪里。
短语动词depend on意为“视……而定”、“取决于”,还可用“依靠”、“依赖”解。例如:
All depends on the weather. 一切都取决于天气如何。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依靠父母供给衣食。
17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
那一定比乘公共汽车有趣得多。
1)must是情态动词,用来表示对“肯定意义”的推测,意为“一定是”、“准是”。例如:
He must be in the library now. 现在他准是在图书馆里。
如果要表示“不可能”、“肯定不”、“一定不”之意,则常用cant。例如:
Mike cant be at home now, because he called me from America a moment ago. 现在迈克肯定不在家,因为他刚刚从美国给我打来电话。
注意:mustnt意为“不允许”、“不准”,不能用于表示对“否定意义”的推测。例如:
Children mustnt play in the street. 孩子们不得在街上玩耍。
2)a lot 意为“许多”,可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,也可用来修饰动词。例如:
She is a lot taller than I am. 她个子比我高得多。
I feel a lot better now. 现在我感觉好多了。
He works a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。
a lot 还可以在句中充当宾语。例如:
We have a lot to do. 我们有许多事情要做。
We can learn a lot at school. 我们在学校里能学到许多东西。
18. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.
世界其他地方与美国不一样。
1) be different from 意为“与……不同”。如:
My idea is different from yours. 我的想法与你的不一样。
English is different from Chinese in some way.
英语在某些方面与汉语不同。
注意:这个短语中的介词from不可改成with。
2)other, the other, others与the others比较:other意为“其他的”、“另外的”,用作形容词,可修饰可数名词的单数或复数。例如:
What other things can you see? 你还看到了什么别的东西吗?
We want some other people to do it. 我们还想再要一些人做这件事。
the other意为“(两个中的)另一个”。在上下文很明确的情况下,other后面的名词可省去。例如:
I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.
我有两支铅笔,一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。
Is this your football sock? Wheres the other one?
这是你的足球袜吗?另外一只在哪里?
the other还可以修饰复数名词,表示除前面提到的以外剩余的“全部”。例如:
Two of the books are yours, the other books are mine.
这些书里有两本是你的,其余全是我的。
others泛指“其他的人或物”,others常与some对比使用。例如:
Some are swimming in the lake, others are climbing the hill.
一些人在湖里游泳,还有一些人在爬山。
the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部,意为“其余的人或物”。如:
Twenty students in the class are boys, the others are girls.
这个班里有二十个同学是男的,其余全是女的。
I can answer this question, but I cant answer the others.
这个问题我能回答,但其他的问题我回答不出来。
19. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
你认为你们镇子里的公共交通怎么样?
1)当你想知道对方对某事有什么看法时,常使用“What do you think of…?”提问,其意与“How do you like…?”相同。例如:
——What do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
——I think its very interesting. 我认为它很有趣。
2)town与city比较:city的意思是“城市”、“都市”,一般指大而重要的城市。例如:
Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。
There are many cities in this area. 这个地区有许多城市。
town的含义是“城镇”,指比village (村庄)大,比city小的地方。又常作countryside (农村)的相对用语。例如:
Our town is not big. 我们的城镇不大。
He was born in a little town near Nanchang.
他出生在南昌附近的一个小镇里。
注意:依照习惯用法,city前面用定冠词,而town 前面则不用。例如:
Ill go to the city./Ill go to town. 我将进城去。
20.——Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗?
——Yes, please. 好的。
“Can I help you?”意为“我能帮助你吗?”。如果你需要对方的帮助,可以说:“Yes, please. (好的。)”如果不需要对方帮助,就说“No, thanks. (不,谢谢你。)”。例如:
——The box is too heavy. I cant carry it. 这只箱子太重,我搬不动。
——Can I help you? 我可以帮助你吗?
——Yes, please. 好的。
注意:“Can I help you?”在不同场合有不同的意义。饭店服务员这样说,意思是“你想吃点什么?”。商店营业员这样说,意思是“你要买些什么?”。例如:
——Can I help you, sir? 先生,你想要点什么?
——Id like 5kg of these apples. 我要五公斤这样的苹果。
21. Dont worry. Let me look at your map.
别担心,让我看看你的地图。
worry是个不及物动词,意为“担心”、“发愁”。例如:
Dont worry. We will find a way. 别发愁,我们会想出办法来的。
On the way home she began to worry.
在回家的路上,她开始着急起来。
worry可与about搭配使用,意为“为……担心”。例如:
Dont worry about John. 别为约翰担心。
worry也可用作及物动词,意为“使……担心”。例如:
My poor health worries Mother very much.
我身体不好,使得妈妈很担心。
Ⅰ.A)用go或walk填空。
1. I sometimes ____ to the factory, but I often ____ there by bike.
2. Look!The bus is full of people. Shall we ____ home?
3. My younger brother is learning to ____.
4. How many miles can the car ____ an hour?
5. He often ____ to the farm on foot.
6. Lets ____ to the zoo.
B)用take, spend, pay或cost填空。
1. The red skirt ____ her forty dollars.
2. How much did you ____ for the computer?
3. It ____ me about twenty minutes to go to school by bike every
day.
4. How long did she ____ doing her homework last night?
C)用worry或worried填空:
1. Were all ____ about you.
2. Dont ____ about the boy. Hell come back soon.
3. My little sister always ____ Mother for some toys.
4. Stop ____ her. Cant you see shes busy?
5. Tell them not to ____.
6. She felt ____ because her husband hadnt got home.
D)用another, other, the other, others或the others填空。
1. What ____ things can you see in the picture?
2. I dont like this coat. Please give me ____ one.
3. She has two pens. One is black, ____ is red.
4. There are fifty students in our class.Twenty-eight of them are boys, ____ are girls.
5. He is always(总是) helping ____.
E)用city或town填空:
1. We are doing shopping in ____.
2. I met him in the ____ yesterday.
3. Would you like to live in a ____ or in the countryside?
4. His father only comes to ____ twice a year.
5. London, Paris and New York are all large ____.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 匆匆忙忙吃了早餐之后,他就上班去了。
____ ____ ____ ____ he went to work.
2. 从这儿到邮局有多远?
____ ____ ____ ____ from here to the station?
3. 走了那么长的路,你一定饿了吧。
You ____ ____ ____ after your long walk.
4. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
Everything ____ ____ whether we have enough time.
Keys:Ⅰ.A)1.walk, go 2.walk 3.walk 4.go 5.goes 6.go/walk B)1.cost 2.pay 3.takes 4.spend C)1.worried 2.worry 3.worries 4.worrying 5.worry 6.worried D)1.other 2.another 3.the other 4.the others 5.others E)1.town 2.city 3.town 4.town 5.cities Ⅱ.1.After a quick breakfast 2.How far is it 3.must be hungry 4.depends on