新目标八年级(上)Units3—4课文聊天室

2008-09-03 09:18丁红艳
中学英语之友·中 2008年8期
关键词:及物动词代词介词

丁红艳

Unit 3

1. What are you doing for vacation?

假期里你要干什么?

该句用现在进行时表示将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事,常跟表示将来的时间。所以本句的意思是:你在假期要干什么?例如:

My aunt is coming to see us next week. 我姑妈下周要来看望我们。

Im going to the movies this weekend.

这个周末我想去看电影。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

她明天动身去上海。

She is ____ ____ Shanghai tomorrow.

[Key:leaving for]

2. Shes going camping.

她打算去野营。

“动词go+v-ing”构成的短语,常表示“去做某事”。例如:

go sightseeing 去观光, go fishing 去钓鱼, go surfing去冲浪, go swimming 去游泳, go skating 去滑冰, go shopping 去购物

[拓展] “go+v-ing”短语还可以用来表示从事某种职业。例如:

go teaching 从事教学,go farming务农,go soldiering 从军,go nursing 从事护理

注意:go+v-ing+介词短语,表示“去……干……”时,通常介词短语用于表明v-ing的动作在哪里做,而不用“to”表示“去做”。例如:

Lets go swimming in the river. 不能说:Lets go swimming to the river. 我们去河里游泳吧。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

明天去徒步旅行怎么样?

What about ____ ____ tomorrow?

[Key: going hiking]

3. Well, have a good time. 好吧,祝你玩得开心。

此处have a good time与enjoy yourself 同义,意为“玩得很高兴”,但enjoy后面跟的反身代词应和它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与此同义的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time。例如:

Did you have a good time last Sunday? 上星期天你们过得高兴吗?

[练习]同义句转换。

They all had a good time at the party.

They all ____ ____ at the party.

[Key: enjoyed themselves]

4. Show me your photos when we get back to school.

回到学校时让我看看你的照片。

动词show主要有以下几种用法:

1)show sb. sth. (=show sth. to sb.) 意为“让某人看某物”。例如:

Please show us your new paintings. (=Please show your new paintings to us.)请让我们看看你的新画。

Could you show me some smaller ones?

拿几个小一点的给我看看好吗?

2)show后面的宾语是代词it或them时,要用show it/them to sb.。例如:

Will you please show them to me? 请让我看看他们好吗?

3)show sb. how to do sth. 意为“向某人说明怎样做某事”。例如:

My uncle showed me how to surf the Internet.

我叔叔曾教我怎样上网。

4)“show sb.+从句”中的show意为“说明”、“表明”。例如:

His speech showed that he didnt understand the subject.

他的发言表明他对这个课题并不了解。

Ill show you where the computer room is. 我来告诉你电脑房在哪里。

5)show意为“引导”、“带领”,后面接副词或介词短语。例如:

Please show the visitors in. 请把参观者领进来。

The headmaster showed them around the school.

校长带着他们参观了学校。

show还可以用作名词,意为“展出;展览”。例如:

The pictures are on show now. 那些画正在展出。

[练习]同义句转换。

Please show me your new dictionary.

Please show your new dictionary ____ ____.

[Key: to me]

5. Whats it like there? 那儿景色如何?

“What be…like?”是说话人用来询问对方对有关的人或事物的评价或感受,或要求对方描述有关人或事物的外貌。例如:

——Whats the film like? 那部电影怎样?

——Wonderful. 好极了。

——Whats the young man like? 那个年轻人是什么样的?

——Hes tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

你们新来的数学老师长得啥样?

____ your new math teacher ____?

[Key: Whats, like]

6. Hows the weather there? 那里的天气怎么样?

本句常被用来询问一个地方的天气,相当于“Whats the weather like+地点?”。例如:

Hows the weather in Hong Kong? (=Whats the weather like in Hong Kong?)香港的天气怎么样?

“How be…?”常被用来询问身体状况或某一方面的情况。例如:

——How are your parents? 你父母好吗?

——Very well, thank you. 很好,谢谢。

[练习] 同义句转换。

How is the weather today?

____ the weather ____ today?

[Key: Whats, like]

7. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他曾想去希腊或西班牙,但是决定去加拿大。

decide on+名词/V-ing形式,意为:决定,“on”作介词,也可用“upon”。例如:

She decided on the red shoes. 她决定要买那双红鞋。

They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.

他们决定在海边度假。

表示“决定”还可用decide to do…或decide+that从句。这三种不同的结构,含义相同。例如:

He decided to buy a new car.=He decided that he would buy a new car.=He decided on buying a new car. 他决定要买一辆新车。

[练习] 同义句转换。

She decided to go there by train.

She decided ____ ____ there by train.

[Key: on going]

8. This time I want to do something different.

这次我想做一些不同的事情。

形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等不定代词时,常将形容词放在这些不定代词之后,作后置定语。例如:

Can you tell us something interesting?

你能告诉我们一些有趣的事情吗?

Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?

在今天的报纸上有什么有趣的消息吗?

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

我有一些重要的事要告诉你们。

I have ____ ____ to tell you.

[Key: something important]

9. I heard that Canada is beautiful,…我听说加拿大很美,……

句中的hear意为“听说”,后面可以接宾语从句。hear of也含“听说”之意,后面接名词、代词或动名词。两者不可混为一谈。例如:

One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away. 一天,史密斯一家听说不远的镇上有一位好医生。

Ive never heard of that before. 我以前从未听说过那件事。

hear from意为“收到……的信”,“得到……消息”。其后的宾语是表示人的名词或代词。例如:

How often do you hear from your father?

你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信?

当hear表示“听见”,“听到”时,常用的结构是“hear sb. do sth.”,意为“听到某人做某事”,“hear sb. doing sth.”意为“听到某人正在做某事”。前者指听到某动作进行的全过程;而后者是指听到动作正在进行。试比较:

I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩走下楼去了。

I heard the boy going down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩在下楼。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

我听说她昨天回来了。

I ____ she ____ ____ yesterday.

[Key: hear, came back]

10. I cant wait! 我等不及了!

cant wait表示一种迫不及待的心情,后面可接动词不定式。例如:

I really cant wait to go on holidays in Australia.

我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亚度假。

She cant wait for you to give her some work to do.

她迫不及待地想让你给她一些事情做。

[练习]根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

她迫不及待地打开盒子。

She cant ____ ____ ____ the box.

[Key: wait to open]

Unit 4

11. ——How do you get to school? 你平时怎样到学校?

——Well, I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.

噢,我通常步行去,但有时候我乘公共汽车去。

1)短语get to意为“到达”,后面可跟表示地点的名词作宾语。如:

It takes you ten minutes to get to the station.

你到火车站要花十分钟时间。

We got to Shanghai this morning. 我们是今天早上到达上海的。

注意:当get后面跟表示地点的副词时,其后不需要跟介词to。例如:

My mother was out when I got home. 我到家时妈妈不在家。

They got here last night. 他们昨晚到达这儿的。

2)walk与go比较:

两者都是不及物动词,含有“走”的意思。go表示“离去”,不一定指步行走路,往往与带介词to的地点状语或带介词by的行为方式状语连用。其主语可以是表示人、动物或非生物的名词或代词。如:

People in the cities often go and help them.

城里的人经常去帮助他们。

He will go to Beijing by plane. 他将乘飞机去北京。

My watch doesnt go. 我的表不走了。

walk指步行或漫无目的地散步,其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。如:

We are going to walk there. 我们将步行去那里。

They are walking along the street. 他们沿着大街散步。

表示“步行到某一地点去”时,两者可以换用。例如:

He walked/went to the window. 他向窗口走去。

注意:walk不能与on foot连用,但却可以说“go…on foot”。试译:他每天步行上学。

误:He walks to school on foot every day.

正:He goes to school on foot every day.

正:He walks to school every day.

3)句中的take 意为“乘坐”,是及物动词,后跟plane, train, bus, car, ship, boat等表示交通工具的名词作宾语。例如:

I want to take a bus to Beijing. 我想乘汽车去北京。

Then she went into the street and took a taxi home.

然后她走到街上,乘坐一辆出租车回家了。

12. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.

步行需要25分钟,乘公共汽车要10分钟。

“It takes sb. some time+动词不定式(短语)” 意为“(某人)花费多少时间做某事”。其中的take是及物动词,作“花费”、“需要”解。It是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)是真正的主语。当动词不定式表示的动作由某人执行时,“某人”可放在take的后面。例如:

Does it take a long time to learn English well?

学好英语要花很长时间吗?

It took us three days to finish the work.

完成这项工作花了我们三天时间。

13. He gets up at six oclock every day, showers and has a quick breakfast. 他每天六点钟起床,接着是去沐浴,然后是匆匆忙忙吃早饭。

英语中表示“三餐”的名词前面通常不用冠词。例如:

What time do you have breakfast? 你在什么时候吃早饭?

After lunch we usually have a rest. 午饭后我们一般都睡午觉。

What did you have for supper? 你晚饭吃什么了?

如果指某一顿饭,三餐饭的名词前面可以有形容词修饰,则其前可用不定冠词。例如:

We had a light supper at home. 我们在家吃了一顿清淡的晚餐。

14. ——How far is it from your home to school?

从你家到学校有多远?

——Its three miles. 三英里远。

在向对方询问距离时,通常使用“How far is it from…to…?”句式,意为“从某地到另外一地有多远?”。句中的it用来指距离。例如:

——How far is it from here to the station? 从这儿到火车站有多远?

——About five kilometers. 大约五公里。

注意:用how far提问时,其后的主语和谓语为倒装语序,否则就成为感叹句。例如:

How far it is from your home to school!从你家到学校真远啊!

15. In North America, most students go to school on the school bus.

在北美,大多数学生乘校车上学。

by bus与on the bus比较:by bus是习惯用语,bus前不加冠词,不用复数形式,也不带任何修饰语。与此相类似的短语还有:by bike, by train, by plane, by ship, by boat, by car等。如:

He went there by train yesterday. 昨天他乘火车去那里了。

How are you going to Hainan, by plane or by ship?

你打算怎样去海南,乘飞机还是乘轮船?

在介词on或in (用on是美国英语)后面也可跟表示交通工具的名词。交通工具前可用冠词、物主代词等修饰。例如:

He usually goes to work in (on) his own car.

他通常开自己的车去上班。

Im going to Beijing on (in) the train. 我将乘火车去北京。

交通工具前标有起始或到达的时间时,也可用by。例如:

Well go by (on) the 10:00 train. 我们将乘10点的火车。

注意:“骑自行车”应该用by bike或on a bike, 不可以用in a bike。试译:昨天有多少学生骑自行车来这儿?

误:How many students came here in a bike yesterday?

正:How many students came here by bike yesterday?

正:How many students came here on a bike yesterday?

16. In China, it depends on where you are. 在中国,得看你在哪里。

短语动词depend on意为“视……而定”、“取决于”,还可用“依靠”、“依赖”解。例如:

All depends on the weather. 一切都取决于天气如何。

Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

小孩依靠父母供给衣食。

17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!

那一定比乘公共汽车有趣得多。

1)must是情态动词,用来表示对“肯定意义”的推测,意为“一定是”、“准是”。例如:

He must be in the library now. 现在他准是在图书馆里。

如果要表示“不可能”、“肯定不”、“一定不”之意,则常用cant。例如:

Mike cant be at home now, because he called me from America a moment ago. 现在迈克肯定不在家,因为他刚刚从美国给我打来电话。

注意:mustnt意为“不允许”、“不准”,不能用于表示对“否定意义”的推测。例如:

Children mustnt play in the street. 孩子们不得在街上玩耍。

2)a lot 意为“许多”,可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,也可用来修饰动词。例如:

She is a lot taller than I am. 她个子比我高得多。

I feel a lot better now. 现在我感觉好多了。

He works a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。

a lot 还可以在句中充当宾语。例如:

We have a lot to do. 我们有许多事情要做。

We can learn a lot at school. 我们在学校里能学到许多东西。

18. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.

世界其他地方与美国不一样。

1) be different from 意为“与……不同”。如:

My idea is different from yours. 我的想法与你的不一样。

English is different from Chinese in some way.

英语在某些方面与汉语不同。

注意:这个短语中的介词from不可改成with。

2)other, the other, others与the others比较:other意为“其他的”、“另外的”,用作形容词,可修饰可数名词的单数或复数。例如:

What other things can you see? 你还看到了什么别的东西吗?

We want some other people to do it. 我们还想再要一些人做这件事。

the other意为“(两个中的)另一个”。在上下文很明确的情况下,other后面的名词可省去。例如:

I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.

我有两支铅笔,一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。

Is this your football sock? Wheres the other one?

这是你的足球袜吗?另外一只在哪里?

the other还可以修饰复数名词,表示除前面提到的以外剩余的“全部”。例如:

Two of the books are yours, the other books are mine.

这些书里有两本是你的,其余全是我的。

others泛指“其他的人或物”,others常与some对比使用。例如:

Some are swimming in the lake, others are climbing the hill.

一些人在湖里游泳,还有一些人在爬山。

the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部,意为“其余的人或物”。如:

Twenty students in the class are boys, the others are girls.

这个班里有二十个同学是男的,其余全是女的。

I can answer this question, but I cant answer the others.

这个问题我能回答,但其他的问题我回答不出来。

19. What do you think of the transportation in your town?

你认为你们镇子里的公共交通怎么样?

1)当你想知道对方对某事有什么看法时,常使用“What do you think of…?”提问,其意与“How do you like…?”相同。例如:

——What do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影怎么样?

——I think its very interesting. 我认为它很有趣。

2)town与city比较:city的意思是“城市”、“都市”,一般指大而重要的城市。例如:

Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。

There are many cities in this area. 这个地区有许多城市。

town的含义是“城镇”,指比village (村庄)大,比city小的地方。又常作countryside (农村)的相对用语。例如:

Our town is not big. 我们的城镇不大。

He was born in a little town near Nanchang.

他出生在南昌附近的一个小镇里。

注意:依照习惯用法,city前面用定冠词,而town 前面则不用。例如:

Ill go to the city./Ill go to town. 我将进城去。

20.——Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗?

——Yes, please. 好的。

“Can I help you?”意为“我能帮助你吗?”。如果你需要对方的帮助,可以说:“Yes, please. (好的。)”如果不需要对方帮助,就说“No, thanks. (不,谢谢你。)”。例如:

——The box is too heavy. I cant carry it. 这只箱子太重,我搬不动。

——Can I help you? 我可以帮助你吗?

——Yes, please. 好的。

注意:“Can I help you?”在不同场合有不同的意义。饭店服务员这样说,意思是“你想吃点什么?”。商店营业员这样说,意思是“你要买些什么?”。例如:

——Can I help you, sir? 先生,你想要点什么?

——Id like 5kg of these apples. 我要五公斤这样的苹果。

21. Dont worry. Let me look at your map.

别担心,让我看看你的地图。

worry是个不及物动词,意为“担心”、“发愁”。例如:

Dont worry. We will find a way. 别发愁,我们会想出办法来的。

On the way home she began to worry.

在回家的路上,她开始着急起来。

worry可与about搭配使用,意为“为……担心”。例如:

Dont worry about John. 别为约翰担心。

worry也可用作及物动词,意为“使……担心”。例如:

My poor health worries Mother very much.

我身体不好,使得妈妈很担心。

Ⅰ.A)用go或walk填空。

1. I sometimes ____ to the factory, but I often ____ there by bike.

2. Look!The bus is full of people. Shall we ____ home?

3. My younger brother is learning to ____.

4. How many miles can the car ____ an hour?

5. He often ____ to the farm on foot.

6. Lets ____ to the zoo.

B)用take, spend, pay或cost填空。

1. The red skirt ____ her forty dollars.

2. How much did you ____ for the computer?

3. It ____ me about twenty minutes to go to school by bike every

day.

4. How long did she ____ doing her homework last night?

C)用worry或worried填空:

1. Were all ____ about you.

2. Dont ____ about the boy. Hell come back soon.

3. My little sister always ____ Mother for some toys.

4. Stop ____ her. Cant you see shes busy?

5. Tell them not to ____.

6. She felt ____ because her husband hadnt got home.

D)用another, other, the other, others或the others填空。

1. What ____ things can you see in the picture?

2. I dont like this coat. Please give me ____ one.

3. She has two pens. One is black, ____ is red.

4. There are fifty students in our class.Twenty-eight of them are boys, ____ are girls.

5. He is always(总是) helping ____.

E)用city或town填空:

1. We are doing shopping in ____.

2. I met him in the ____ yesterday.

3. Would you like to live in a ____ or in the countryside?

4. His father only comes to ____ twice a year.

5. London, Paris and New York are all large ____.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。

1. 匆匆忙忙吃了早餐之后,他就上班去了。

____ ____ ____ ____ he went to work.

2. 从这儿到邮局有多远?

____ ____ ____ ____ from here to the station?

3. 走了那么长的路,你一定饿了吧。

You ____ ____ ____ after your long walk.

4. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。

Everything ____ ____ whether we have enough time.

Keys:Ⅰ.A)1.walk, go 2.walk 3.walk 4.go 5.goes 6.go/walk B)1.cost 2.pay 3.takes 4.spend C)1.worried 2.worry 3.worries 4.worrying 5.worry 6.worried D)1.other 2.another 3.the other 4.the others 5.others E)1.town 2.city 3.town 4.town 5.cities Ⅱ.1.After a quick breakfast 2.How far is it 3.must be hungry 4.depends on

猜你喜欢
及物动词代词介词
介词不能这样用
这样将代词考分收入囊中
英语代词用法练习
Swagger:气场压人
及物与不及物动词的用法与区别
新目标英语七年级(下)units 1~6复习小结
happen“发生”的奥秘
人称代词专练
介词填空专练
看图填写介词