谈高考题解题技巧之单项选择解题方法

李国勤

单项选择题是各级各类英语考试的基本题型。它可以用来考查词法、句法、惯用法、交际用语等各项内容，是一种设题灵活，覆盖面很广的多功能题型。做单项选择题时，首先要全面捕捉题干信息，把握好语言环境，切中句子意思，然后对各个选项进行比较筛选，从中确定最佳答案。本文向你介绍四种“单项选择题”的解题技巧。

一、利用“有效信息”解题

单项选择题题干中某些句子或短语会为选择答案提供必要信息，它对选择正确答案起着决定性的作用，我们称这些句子或短语为“有效信息”。如：

1. Tom ought not to ____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

(NMET 2007)

A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told

分析：句子“but he meant no harm”所提供的信息是“Tom已经把你的秘密告诉了我”，故答案为A。如果没有这个有效信息，则B也成立。

2. Is this factory ____ we visited last year?

A. that B. one C. the one D. it

分析：解答本题的关键在于确定信息词“this”在句中作什么成分。由于指示代词this作定语修饰factory，所以空格处要填表语，只有the one才能满足要求，故答案为C。

3. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.

(NMET 2007)

A. was traveling B. traveled

C. had been traveled D. was to travel

分析：本题考查时态。我们可从“时间状语”入手，寻找信息。该句中的 when he saw it暗示了主句谓语所表示的动作正在进行，故答案为A。

二、利用“英汉语言差异”解题

近年来，日常交际用语仍然是单项选择题考查的重点之一。而且，这种题许多情况下是以英汉两种语言表达习惯的不同来命题的，解答这类题时，切记要撇弃中文思维。如：

1. ——Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.

——OK. ____.

A. Take it easy B. Go slowly

C. Stay longer D. See you

分析: 由语境可知：客人要走，主人表示同意……。按英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是“See you（再见）”。Go slowly（慢走）和Stay longer（再呆会儿）为中文口语中的习惯用语，故应排除。Take it easy(放松)。所以只能选A。

2. ——Waiter!

——____

——I cant eat this. Its too salty.

A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?

分析：根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐时对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。All right?（好吗?）和Pardon?（请再说一遍。）显然不符合语境。What?（什么？）从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。按英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是Yes, sir?(先生，什么事?)而且要用升调，故A是最佳答案。

3. ——Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.

——____ Im sure you had a wonderful time.

A. Sounds good! B. Very well.

C. How nice! D. All right.

分析：按英美文化习惯，此处地道的表达应当是How nice!（太好了！），故C为最佳答案。

三、利用“语法分析法”解题

单项选择题常考的语法项目有：时态和语态、非谓语动词、句式结构等。这类题许多情况下是放在一定的语言环境中来进行考查的。如果我们能结合试题的语言环境，并运用语法分析法，就会使很多难题迎刃而解。如：

1. Lets keep to the point or we ____ any decisions.

A. will never reach B. have never reached

C. never reach D. never reached

分析:本题主要考查时态。分析句子结构，我们可以发现题干为“祈使句+and/or+并列分句”的句型，从而可知此处应用一般将来时态，故A为最佳答案。

2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

分析:本题考查“介词＋which”引导定语从句的用法。主句部分是：The English play was a great success。act in the play意为“在戏剧中扮演角色”，故C为最佳答案。

3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

分析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。动词find 后可跟复合宾语结构，宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，过去分词或动词不定式to be等。如果宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上存在着主动关系，且强调动作正在进行之中，常用-ing形式作宾补；如果宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上存在着被动关系，且强调动作已发生，则常用过去分词作宾补。用不定式作宾补时,一般仅限于“find sb./sth. to be＋形容词或名词”的结构。根据上述语法规则并由题意“如果发现厨师在厨房里吸烟，他将马上被解雇。”可知B为最佳答案。

4. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

分析:仔细分析句子结构，再由题意“重要的是你的工作能力，而不是你的背景”不难看出此题题干为强调结构：“It+be+被强调成分＋that/who＋句子的其它成分”，本句强调的是句子主语，故B为最佳答案。

四、利用“标点提示”解题

标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。例如：疑问句之后要用问号；感叹句之后要用感叹号；句中有逗号，可提示此处有可能为“非限制性定语从句”，也有可能为非谓语动词作状语等等。所以，由标点符号入手，我们可以确定做单项选择题的解题思路，从而既快捷又准确地获得答案。如：

1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ____ “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

分析:题意为“我到家时看见门上别着一张纸条，上面写着：登门拜访，未曾谋面。回头我将打电话给你。”空格之前有逗号，提示你首先可排除read 和reads两个谓语动词形式。to read为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不可与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的也非表示结果。只有reading（在句中作伴随状语）符合题意，故D为最佳答案。

2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

分析:题意为“Dorothy总是过高地评价她在剧中角色的作用，这当然会使剧组里别的人不高兴。”of course是插入语。空格之前有逗号，提示你空白处需要填引导非限制性定语从句的关系词。 this 和 what都不能引导非限制性定语从句，who不符合题意，故B为最佳答案。

以上给大家提供了四条高考英语单项选择题的解题技巧，希望对同学们会有帮助。此外，需要提醒大家的是：我们在平时的练习中还要注意学会从各个不同的侧面对试题，特别是对自己做错的题进行分析、总结，这对提高大家的解题能力是大有裨益的。

巩固性练习

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. ——Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

——I dont know, ____.

A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care

C. I dont care, neither D. I dont care also

2. He is interested in playing football. ____ his brother and me.

A. So do B. So are C. So it is with D. Nor do

3. Few buildings in the area ____ the war.

A. left B. survived C. remained D. escaped

4. ____ it rains tomorrow, I will get there on time.

A. Even though B. As if C. As long as D. As soon as

5. Our Premier always ____ happiness and sorrow ____ the people.

A. shares; to B. shares in; with

C. shares in; to D. was shares; with

6. Do you know the difficulty he had ____ the family?

A. supported B. supporting C. to support D. support

7. Theres plenty of rain in the southeast, ____ theres little in the

northwest.

A. once B. then C. while D. if

8. A lot of advanced equipment ____ this factory.

A. has brought in B. was brought in in

C. were brought in D. was given in in

9. You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage to ____ so young?

A. become B. turn C. make D. stay

10. Hurry up! The plane is about to ____.

A. put off B. take off C. go off D. see off

11. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You ____ have come, but why didnt you?

A. must B. might C. should D. need

12. The music teacher with a lot of teaching ____ bought a lot of musical ____ yesterday.

A. experiences; equipment B. experience; equipment

C. experiences; equipments D. experience; equipments

13. She was knocked down by a car and her shouts ____ the attention of the police.

A. pulled B. dragged C. drew D. seized

14. He ____ Alice for three years.

A. married to B. has married to

C. has married D. has been married to

15. The boy, ____ mother played a leading role in a famous film, was my classmate.

A. his B. whose C. who D. that

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