从高考题看强调句型考查的特点

宋平平

强调句型的基本形式是“It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who ...”，常用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。当被强调的是指人的名词或代词时，也可用who引导后面的句子；强调状语时，无论是时间、地点，还是原因状语，连接词一律用that。仔细研究近几年高考题中出现的强调句型，可以看出高考在此点上的考查有以下几个特点：

一、 强调句型结构趋于复杂化，理解难度增大。（划线部分为答案，下同）

1. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)

A. oneB. that C. whatD. it

2. It was with great joy________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)

A. before B. which C. since D. that

3. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm________we worked. (2007山东)

A． that B． there C． which D． where

从以上高考例子可以看出强调句型的考查趋势，那就是强调句型的结构趋于复杂化，具体表现为句子中掺和其他从句，使理解的难度增大，尤其是2007山东卷中对强调句的考查，乍一看，需要填强调that，但分析问句发现，下句其实是一个省略句，省略了that后的成分，we work实际是where引导的定语从句。此题给人耳目一新的感觉。

二、 强调部分从短语向句子过渡。

1. It is these poisonous products________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海)

A. who B. that C. how D. what

2. It is what you do rather than what you say________matters. (2005天津)

A. that B. what C. which D. this

3. It is not who is right but what is right

is of importance. (2007重庆)

A. which B. it C. that D. this

例1 强调了作主语的名词短语these poisonous products，而在例2和例3中分别强调了主语从句what you do rather than what you say和not who is right but what is right，难点还在于每个句子都包含着两个分句，一个由rather than引出，一个由not ... but

连接。

三、 强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。

1. It was only recently when I reread his poems recently________I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)

A. until B. that C. them D. so

2. Was it in 1969________the American astronaut succeeded________landing on the moon? (1994上海)

A. when; on B. that; on

C. when; in D. that; in

3. Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? (2004上海)

A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

4. —________ that he managed to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005 山东)

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

考生需要熟记强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式：

强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who ...

强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who ...?

强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词 + is / was it + that / who ...?

四、 重复率高，尤其体现在对not ... until句型的考查上。

not ... until句型中，强调until引导的短语或从句时的结构为：

It is / was not until ... that ...

1. It was not________she took off her dark glasses________I realized she was a famous star. (NMET 1992)

A. when; that B. until; that

C. until; when D. when; then

2. It was________back home after the experiment. (2004湖北)

A． not until midnight did he go

B． until midnight that he didnt go

C． not until midnight that he went

D． until midnight when he didnt go

3. It wasnt until nearly a month later______I received the managers reply. (2005Ⅰ)

A. since B. when C. as D. that

4. It________we had stayed together for a couple of weeks________I found we had a lot in common. (2007 浙江)

A. was until; when

B. was until; that

C. wasnt until; when

D. wasnt until; that

五、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。

1. It was how the young man had learned five languages________ attracted the audiences interest. (2000上海)

A. so that B. that

C. what________ D. in which

2. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

3. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature________he chose the course. (2006上海春)

A. that B. what C. why D. how

例1）强调了how引导的主语从句，而例2和例3中，强调句型却出现在宾语从句中，考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。

六、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it开头的句子。

1. —Did Jack come back early last night?

—Yes. It was not yet eight oclock______he arrived home. (2005福建)

A. before B. when C. that D. until

It was ＋ 时间点 ＋ when ... “发生某事时，时间为……”

2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years________I enjoyed myself so much. (2005 安徽)

A. when B. that C. before D. since

It is / has been ＋ 时间段 ＋ since ...

since从句中谓语为短暂性动词时，意为“做某事已有多久了”。

It is a long time since we arrived here. 我们到这儿已有一段时间了。

It is almost five years since we saw each other last time. 我们上次见面到现在已有五年了。

since从句中谓语为延续性动词或状态动词时，意为“已有多久没做某事了”。

It has been ten years since he was here last time. 自从他上次离开这儿已经过了10年。

3） It was evening________we reached the little town of Winchester. (2005天津)

A. that B. until C. since D. before

It was ＋ 时间点 ＋ before ... “在……之前，时间为”

4）________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

as引导的非限制性定语从句置于句首时，用逗号与主句隔开。

5） He was told that it would be at least three more months________he could recover and return to work. (2007福建)

A. when B. before C. since D. that

It is / was / will be ＋ 时间段 ＋ before ...“过了多久才”

从以上比较中可以看出强调句型在高考中的演变特点，那就是句子结构越来越复杂，理解难度增大，判断的难度也逐年增加。但是万变不离其宗，只要记住强调句型的由来及基本构成形式，学会用还原法验证自己的判断，问题便可以迎刃而解。

【巩固练习】

1. It is from the gatehouse________we get newspapers, magazines and letters.

A. that B. which

C. in which D. where

2. —Was it what he said or something that he did________made you cry so sadly, Sarah?

—No, not really.

A. which B. that C. when D. what

3. I really dont know for certain________they discussed this important problem secretly.

A. where was it that B. where it was that

C. where that D. it was where that

4. It was________Li Ming had always been working hard that he was admitted to Beijing University last July,________the saying goes, “No pains, no gains”.

A. as; though B. because; as

C. for; if D. since; when

5. It is because English is being widely used at present________ .

A. why we learn it hard

B. that we learn it hard

C. which we must learn

D. when we should learn

6. Is it the years________you worked in the factory________have a great effect on your literary works?

A. that; where B. that; that

C. when; where D. when; that

7. It is the Long March Rocket 2F, as reported, ______sent Shenzhou Ⅵ spaceship into space.

A. whichB. what C. that D. as

8. —Susan looks unhappy today.

—Yes, but she cant tell what it is________ is bothering her.

A. as B. whatC. thatD. which

9. —________ you persuaded Jenny to give up surfing？

—Through a friend of mine.

A. It was how thatB. How was it

C. How was it thatD. Was it how that

10. —Did they all pass the driving test?

—No,________only three of them who passed it.

A. there was B. that was

C. there were D. it was

Keys: 1. A2. B3. B4. B5. B6. D7. C8. C9. C10. D