费 老
费波先生,人称“费老”,在北京新东方国外考试部耕耘五载,桃李满天下,费话连篇结集成册,名曰“费老语录”。
费老一再教导:做人要厚道,做题更要厚“道”。费老还说:“做题的最高境界是,不看原文,直接找答案。”
学员广为流传一句口号:“要想过,找费波;要想考得好,只有找费老。”
费老在北京新东方期间,很多学员痛苦万分地对费老说:“费老啊,我的英语底子薄,语法差,词汇量小,听说巨烂,如何在短期内迅速攻克四、六级,考研英语呢?”费老轻轻地说:“那我就教你不看原文,直接找答案的方法吧。一般人我不告诉他!”
达芬奇密码——逗号
很多同学抱怨语法难学,就高考英语语法部分而言,考点的确比较庞杂,不易疏理,导致同学们复习时无从下手,常常一头雾水,不得要领,因而失分率较高。
不少人说做语法题凭的是语感,今天费老告诉你一个达芬奇密码——逗号,知道吗?逗号,解决一类填空题型,效果相当得不错!逗号法则,得分钢钢的。
现将逗号的妙用举例如下:(例题选自2005年高考试卷)
一、逗号前或后用分词,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式,区别在于:现在分词表示主动的,动作正在进行的;而过去分词表示被动的, 动作已完成的。
例1. The storm left,___________ a lot of damage to this area.
Acaused
Bto have caused
Cto cause
Dhaving caused
分析:1.句子大意: 暴风雨造成损失。
2.动词不定式表示目的,不合句意,不是为了造成损失,因此排除B、C。
3.根据逗号法则,空格处应填入分词,只能在A、D中选,暴风雨造成损失是主动关系,用现在分词,只有选项D是现在分词,其他都不是。
4.因为暴风雨已经造成损失,所以用分词的完成时。
综上所述,只能选D。
例2. ___________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
ABeing separated
BHaving separated
CHaving been separated
DTo be separated
分析:1.句子大意:多年前澳洲大陆与其他大陆分离……
___________2.逗号前用分词还是不定式呢?动词不定式表示的,与句意不符,首先排除D。
3.分离的动作早已完成,应该用完成时,排除A,只能在B、C中选。
4.澳洲大陆是被分离的(不是它主动要分离),应该用被动态。
综上所述,选C。
二、逗号前或后用关系代词把两个简单连接在一起,具体用哪个关系代词取决于从句的性质。
例3. I walked in the garden,___________Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
Awhich
Bwhen
Cwhere
Dthat
分析:前后都是简单句,用关系代词连接,因为garden是地点,所以关系代词只能用where。
例4.___________I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
AWhen
BAfter
CAs
DSince
分析:1.逗号前后都是简单句,只能用关系代词或and、or 连接,四个选项都是关系代词,那么空格处必然是从句的引导词,具体用那个词取决于从句的性质。
2.此处关系代词代的是后面整个句子的内容,只有as 具有这种功能,意为:正如。
三、逗号前或后用动词不定式,表示目的或者表示动作未完成。
例. Can the project be finished as planned?
Sure,___________ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.
Ahaving got
Bto get
Cgetting
Dget
分析:1.句子大意: 为了即时完成该项目,我们必须……。
___________2.动词不定式表示目的,因此选B。
四、逗号前或后用and 或or把两个简单的连接在一起,and只起连接作用,无实质意义,or起转折作用,意为:否则。
例:Follow your doctors advice,___________ your cough will get worse.
Aor
Band
Cthen
Dso
分析:1.前后都是简单句,用and 或or 连接。
2.句子大意:听医生的建议,否则你的咳嗽会加剧。因此选A。
另外:逗号前(或后)还可以用介词短语(作状语)或名词性短语(作主语的同位语),由于高考很少涉及,费老不再详述。
请同学们用逗号法则解答下列题目:(选自2006高考试卷)
1. He Found it increasingly difficult to read,___________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. or
2. I grew up in Africa,___________ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
3. A man cannot smile like a child,___________ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
4.___________ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since
B. Unless
C. As
D. Although
5.___________environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统) to recover.
A. Even if
B. If only
C. While
D. Once
6.___________for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming
B. Blamed
C. To blame
D. To be blamed
7. When___________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared
B. being compared
C. comparing
D. having compared
8. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award,a title___________to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
9. My cousin came to see me from the country,___________me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought
B. bringing
C. to bring
D. had brought
10. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly, always___________ the same thing.
A. saying
B. said
C. to say
D. having said
11. No matter how frequently___________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being performed
12.___________ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
13.___________with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
答案分析:
1.由于视力下降,所以看书越来越难,逗号前后两个简单句是因果关系,只能选B。for表示原因。
2.由于在非洲长大,所以我在那儿度过了童年的大部分时光,逗号前后两个简单句是因果关系,只能选C。so表示结果。
3.逗号前后两个简单句是因果关系,后句是解释为什么大人不能像小孩子一样微笑的原因,而so表示结果,因此只能选D。for表示原因。
4.逗号前后是两个简单句,前句说他知识有限limited,后句说他经验丰富a lot of,前后两句显然是转折意味,因此只能选D。
5.逗号前后是两个简单句,句子大意:一旦环境糟到破坏,整个生态系统需要多年才能恢复,因此只能选D。
6. a、句子大意:因为弄坏了学校计算机网络而受到责备……
b、动词不定式表示目的,不合句意,排除C、D。
c、选项A、B是分词,主语Alice与blame 是被动关系,综上所述选B。
7.逗号前面用分词,而主语we与compare是主动关系,因此只能选C。选项A、B都表示被动关系,选项D是分词的完成式,不合句意。
8.逗号前面是简单句,如果逗号后面是简单句就必须用关系代词或者and、or连接,否则只能用分词或其它形式,就本题而言,空格处只能用分词,分词的逻辑主语title与give之间是被动关系,所以只能选C。选项A是现在分词的被动态,作原因状语,不合句意。
9.逗号后面用分词,主语my cousin与bring是主动关系,因此只能选B。
10.逗号后面用分词,主语he与say是主动关系,因此只能选A。
11.逗号前面用分词,主语works与perform是被动关系,因此只能选A。
12.句子大意:为了制作这样一块蛋糕,你需用……。动词不定式表示目的,因此只能选C。
13.逗号前面用分词,主语we与trouble是被动关系,即我们被迫面对许多trouble,因此只能选A。