卢爱龙
学习第四单元时,同学们可以发现,该单元的语法重点和以往所学的语法重点有点不同——主要是两组易混词组的辨异。在学习这一语法项目时,如能抓住它们的相同点、不同点和易错点,可达到巧学妙记的效果。
NO.1because & because of
相同点:两者都有“因为、由于”的含义。
不同点:①because是连词,引导原因状语从句。这类从句往往位于句后,在强调时,也可位于句首。例如:
Peter didnt come to school last Fridaybecause he was ill.彼德上周五没来学校,因为他病了。
Because Simon got up late,he was latefor school again.因为西蒙起晚了,他上学又迟到了。
②becauseof是介词短语,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如:
I waht back not beeause of the rain,butbecause I was fired.(名词)我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。
He missed the early bus because ofgetting up late this morning.(动名词)他错过早班车是因为今天早上起晚了。
Because of that,the young man didntsay to his fother any more.(代词)由于那件事,年轻人再也不和他的父亲讲话了。
易错点:①because和so不能同时用于一个句子里,试体会:
油耗尽了,所以灯熄了。
[误)Becallse the oil was out,so thelight went out.[正]The light went ont,because the oilwas out.
[正]The oil was ont,so the 1ight wentout.
②当主句为否定句,because从句位于句尾时,有无逗号,意义有差别。试体会:
I was not friendly to her bceause shewas lazy.我不是因为她懒惰才对她亲切。
I was not friendly to her,because shewas lazy.我对她不亲切,是因为她懒惰。
NO.2hope & wish
相同点:①都表示“希望”。
②用作動词时都可以接不定式作宾语或接宾语从句。例如:
I hope to be a famous writer in thefuture.(不定式)我希望今后能成为一个著名的作家。
I hope that you will succeed.(从句)祝你成功。
不同点:①在hope之后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用一般将来时或一般现在时。从意义上说,hope所表达的希望是能实现的。
We hope we will move to a large roomnext year.我们希望明年能搬到大房子去住。
②wish的宾语从句中,如表达的愿望与现在事实相反或无法实现,从句的谓语用过去式,be动词多用were;如表达的愿望与将来事实相反或难以实现,从句的谓语动词用would+动词原形。例如:
I wish I could fly to the moon now.但愿我现在能飞上月球。
I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming·但愿我和姚明一样高。
I wish the heavy rain Would stop thisafternoon!今天下午大雨要是停有多好啊!
③wish后可接双宾浯,表示“祝愿”,而hope则不能。试体会:
祝你新年快乐!
[正]I wish you a Happy New Year.
[误)I hope you a Happy New Year.
④作简略回答时,hope后接可接替代词so或not,而wish则不行。例如:
——Will it be fine tomorrow?
——I hope so.
——明天的天气会好吗?
——我希望如此。
——Will it rain tomorrow?
——I hope not.
——明天下雨吗?
——我希望不下。
易错点:hope后不能接复合宾语,即“宾语+不定式”。试体会:
我希望你和我们一起去。
[误)I hope you to go with us.
[正]I hope you can go with us.
针对练习
A)根据句意,用because或beeause of来填空。
1.Ma Bin studies hard_____he wants togo to college.
2.Peter didnt get the first place in theexam____his carelessness(粗心).
B)根据句意,用hope或wish来填空。
1.I____I were a small bird.
2.I____I will be a soldier when I growu.,
3.I____you are well.
4.——You may pass the exam.——I____so.
5.I____youll be better now.
6.I____you to come here soon.
Keys:A)1.because2.because of
B)l.wish 2.hope 3.wish
4.hope 5.hope 6.wish