马庚华
25 我相信他们会借钱给我们的。
误:I believe them to lend us the money
正:I believe that they will lend us the money
析:believe 后接不定式的复合结构时,该不定式通常是 to be。如:I believe him to be honest 我相信他是诚实的。若为 to do 型,通常应改用宾语从句。
26 我们最好马上送他到医院就诊。
误:Wed better to send him to hospital at once
正:Wed better send him to hospital at once
析:had better 后只能接动词原形,不能接带 to 不定式。其否定式直接在 better 后加 not。如:Youd better not say that 你最好别说那样的话。
27 今天是我爷爷的80大寿。
误:Today is my grandfathers eighty birthday
正:Today is my grandfathers eightieth birthday
析:汉语说“三十岁生日”“八十大寿”等,其实指的是过第三十个生日,过第八十个生日等,所以此时要用序数词,而不能用基数词。
28 我可借用一下你的电话吗?
误:May I borrow your telephone?
正:May I use your telephone?
析:汉语中的“借用”,不一定都可用 borrow 来表示。一般说来, borrow 只表示借用那些能够带走的东西(如书、钱、车、用具等),而对于那些不能带走的东西(如电话、图书室、厕所等)则宜用 use。
29 两个孩子都想去参加聚会。
误:Both of children want to go to the party
正:Both children want to go to the party
正:Both the children want to go to the party
正:Both of the children want to go to the party
析:both 后接名词时,用不用定冠词均可,但是在 both of 之后接名词时,则该名词前必须有定冠词或其他表特指的限定语。
30 她快速地吃完早餐就去上班了。
误:She had quick breakfast and went to work
正:She had a quick breakfast and went to work
析:若 breakfast 受到形容词的修饰,表示某顿具有某种特征的早餐时,则其前要用不定冠词。注:lunch, supper 也具有类似用法特点。
31 你至少要换两次车。
误:Youd have to change bus at least twice
正:Youd have to change buses at least twice
析:change buses(转车)中的 buses 总是用复数,因为既要下一辆车,又要上另一辆车。比较:change trains(转车),change seats(交换座位)等。
32 同学们正忙于复习准备考试。
误:The students are busy to study for their exams
正:The students are busy studying for their exams
析:要表示“忙于做某事”,be busy 后要接 doing sth,不能接 to do sth。不过,有时也接 in doing sth。如:He was busying (in) writing a report 他正忙于写一个报告。
33 这房子我已买了十年。
误:I have bought this house for ten years
正:I bought this house ten years ago
正:I have had this house for ten years
正:Its ten years since I bought this house
析:buy 是终止性动词,因此在肯定句中不能与一段时间连用。遇此情况,应改用其他相应句式。
34 这个东西用英语怎么说?
误:How do you call this in English?
正:What do you call this in English?
正:How do you say this in English?
析:What do you call...与 How do you say...意思相同,但搭配不同,即: call 与 what 搭配, say 与 how 搭配,两者不可混在一起。(待续)
(编辑陈根花)